151- 



occur at the same level, ami were douljtless formerly, or are still, 

 continuous. 



A little above Chelsea the clays are overlaid by a heavy wash of 

 stream boulders represenring the position of the Gatineau river during 

 a later stage in its history, [Shown on section.] 



October 22nd the last excursion of the season was made to the 

 mouth of Green's Creek, five or six miles east of Ottawa, and to the 

 sulphur springs, for the purpose of collecting fossils fiom the leda 

 clays. You are already well acquainted with these ; yet it is a pleasing 

 realization of the flood period described, to see these still living inhab- 

 itants of the waters of Labrador and of Hudson's Bay imbedded in 

 boulders now under the wheat fields of inland Ontario. I did not cari-y 

 with me any barometers on this occasion, but estimated the average 

 top of the terraces of the clay at ihe riverside 30 to 40 ft. above the 

 summer stage of the Ottawa, or IGO feet above the sea; the sulphur 

 springs, several miles up Green's Creek, at about the same height ; tho 

 leda clays adjacent 50 ft higher ; the overlying sands and interbedded 

 clays of High Bluff 220 ft. above the sea. The latter were observed 

 on another occasion spreading over the entire country at the head of 

 Green's Creek ; and farther throuohout Carleton and Russell counties 

 afc about the same level 250 ft, above the sea as far as Duncan ville 

 covering and forming the watershed between Ottawa City and Cornwall 

 on the St. Lawrence : e.\.hibitin(f in Russell couutv some of the best 

 farming land of Ontario. 



Tiie width of the ex(>osed sea bottom of the leda clays from 

 King's mountain to Lake Champlain was greater than ai-e now any of 

 the Canadian lakes, 140 miles and over, in many places. 



I have drawn a longitudinal section of the St. Lawrence, including 

 the Canadian lakes, on which are exhibited the elevatiors and relative 

 positions with reference to the drainage outlet of the terraces, of the 

 known surface of the inland sea of the St. Lawrence to which I have 

 referred. [Shown on tlie waU.J 



I will now ask you to accompany me farther inland towai'd that 



portion cf the valley of the St. Lawrence which is at present filled by 



the great Canadian lakes. Let us inquire into the relation of the 



farms of the salt water region hereabouts, to thoseo f tlie freshwater 

 region surrounding these lakes. 



