PREFACE 



f I ^HIS biographical directory of American Men of Science was begun as a manuscript 

 -*- reference list for the Carnegie Institution of Washington, which made an appro- 

 priation of $1,000 toward the clerical and office expenses. It is hoped that the publica- 

 tion will be a contribution to the organization of science in America. There is here given 

 for the first time a fairly complete survey of the scientific activity of a country at a given 

 period. As a reference book for the field it covers, it may be even more useful in academic 

 circles than Minerva or IFAo's Who in America. But the chief service it should render is 

 to make men of science acquainted with one another and with one another's work. There 

 scarcely exists among scientific men the recognition of common interest and the spirit of 

 cooperation which would help to give science the place it should have in the community. 

 It is fully as important for the nation as for men of science that scientific work should be 

 adequately recognized and supported. We are consequently in the fortunate position of 

 knowing that whatever we do to promote our own interests is at the same time a service 

 to the community and to the world. 



There are included in the directory the records of more than four thousand men of 

 science, and it is believed that the entries are tolerably complete for those in North 

 America who have carried on research work in the natural and exact sciences. Some are 

 admitted who are supposed to have advanced science by teaching, by administrative 

 work, or by the preparation of text-books and compilations. There are also some whose 

 work has been chiefly in engineering, medicine or other applied sciences, and a few whose 

 work is in education, economics or other subjects not commonly included under the 

 exact and natural sciences. But the book does not profess to cover these fields. The 

 names are included because they are supposed to represent work that has contributed to 

 the advancement of pure science the term being used in the narrower sense or because 

 they are found in the membership lists of certain national societies. All the members of 

 the following societies who filled in the blank sent them are included : The National 

 Academy of Sciences, fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 the American Societ}^ of Naturalists, the Association of American Anatomists, the As- 

 sociation of American Geographers, the Association of American Physicians, the Ameri- 

 can Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, the Astronomical and Astrophysical 

 Society of America, the Botanical Society of America, the Geological Society of America, 

 the American Mathematical Society, fellows of the American Ornithologists' Union, the 

 American Philosophical Association, the American Physical Society, the American Physi- 

 ological Society, the American Psychological Association, the American Society of Bac- 

 teriologists, the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, the Society for Experi- 

 mental Biology and Medicine, the Society of Horticultural Science, the Society for Plant 

 Morphology and Physiology, and the American Society of Zoologists. 



