OK CAST IROK. 35 



funnel and afh-hole; 2. the fire-place; 3. the hearth and chim- Tt was an a ' r 



»t, . . , , ' r i m ii s furnace having 



ney. I o obtain the proper degree of heat, the air was con- an hearth within 



dueled through a vertical tunnel feveral ells long (the Saxon ell and its chimney 

 is near two Engl ilh feet), the lower aperture of which was was l6feethlgh • 

 over a ftream of water, and confequently it brought rapidly 

 to the fire-place a (upply of frefh and condenied air. The 

 fuel was wood; the bottom of the furnace was an oval cavity, 

 covered with a heavy coating, and capable of containing three 

 or four hundred weight of metal. The flame, which traverfed 

 the furnace with rapidity, efcaped afterwards through a chim- 

 ney eight ells high. The furnace had an opening capable of 

 being clofed at pleafure by an iron door. There was another 

 above the fire-place, a few inches fquare, ferving to admit the 

 nozzle of a pair of bellows, or the neck of a retort. 



In the ufe we made of this furnace I had an opportunity of 11 ' 10 *'^ parti* 

 obferving very diftin&ly, that in the flame of a clofed reverbe- ^" b ° e ^[h^ 

 ratory furnace there are always a multitude of unoxided par- flame of this 

 tides of carbon, which impart to it the capability of reducing clofedfurnace * 

 (difoxiding) metal. This opinion I had already announced on 

 occafion of a memoir of Mr. Dacamdra. In fome of our 

 trials, making ufe of the wood of the Scotch fir, we obferved, 

 that the fmoke ifluing out was black and denfe, and this the 

 more the freftier the wood ; but as foon as we made ufe of the 

 bellows, the flame appeared clear, becaufe the oxigen intro- 

 duced by the air or vapour oxided the carbon that was in the 

 flame, and thus produced a greater heat. 



Firft Experiment with thefimple Fire of the Furnace, Exp. L 



The furnace having been heated for fome hours, and the fire Gra Y flne grain-' 

 being very violent, about three hundred weight of metal was ** "f ^"be- 

 taken from the crucible of the high furnace, and poured into ratory furnace, 



the reverberating furnace. This caft iron, when become folid, "veredwith 

 r frothy lcona, 



was gray, and of a fine grain. At the expiration of an hour chiefly carburet 



a frothy fcoria appeared on the furface of the metal, which, to of iron * 



itates of iron. Mr. Lampadius fliared the prize. His memoir may 

 be confidered in general as a confirmation and fupplement to the la- 

 bours of the French academicans $ the experiments which he made 

 at Muckenberg in Saxony, in the iron works of Count Von Ein- 

 fiedel, affording him frefh proofs of this theory. Thefe experi- 

 ments are hereprcfented to the reader. D. 



D 2 judge 



