,178 DRAINING OP LAN©. 



Experiments of fence. A lower level was fuppofed neceffary to drain this 

 water, and it was obtained at the dotted line. No water of 

 any confequence was got, till it was within a few yards of the 

 funk fence, when a prodigious feeder was cut, and the head of 

 the drain was not fo deep at the time as the funk, fence. Many 

 inftances to the fame effeel might be produced. In finking 

 (hafts in places much troubled with water, it is endeavoured, 

 if circumfiances will permit, to get near a d)ke, which ferves 

 The drains muft as a barrier to the water; and if, in finking, the dyke be not 

 IhVdykVs! Cr ° f3cronre<J > l » e water is kept clear off; but if otherwife, the water 

 would be got at any depth, though not in fuch quantities as 

 when near the furface. The fpot of ground, to which I have 

 alluded, has above a dozen dykes, which may be traced from 

 the out-burfts of water. They run in a direction of fouth to 

 north-weft. I have made my drains eaft and weft. In one 

 or two places, I was obliged to run a drain fouth. This pro- 

 ceeds from an arm running from the dyke : but this feldom 

 extends to any di fiance, and they gradually decreafe till they 

 end ; and they rather make an interruption than a breakage 

 of the ftrata, as the ftrata is the fame on each fide of it. In 

 fuch a country, Mr. Elkington could draw no more water than 

 what lay in the uninterrupted ftrata between any two of thefe 

 Description of dykes. The method of making the drain is explained by the 

 ferencT'to the*" en g rav,n g- * na ^ twenty years ago drained this ground with 

 drawing. ftone drains, from 20 inches to two feet; but their direction 



having been moftly from north to fouth, and not fufficiently 

 deep, I had got little more than the day water. The feeder 

 which I have now got, might be made applicable to many 

 purpofes. The drains are from two feet to nearly five feet 

 deep. I have made 6000 yards in the laft twelve months; 

 the cutting from 14d. to 18d. per rod, filling 8d. ten and a 

 half fingle cart-loads of ftones, at 9d. each, making the coft 

 10*. per rod. The expence appears great ; but fewer drains 

 are required, and the work is effectually done. By reference 

 to the plan, it will be feen that the direction of the drains not 

 being able to draw the upper water, I was obliged to extend 

 them. I would advife beginning at the higheft level; for 

 frequently that clears the whole, unlefs fome dykes intervene 

 Springs of water in a contrary direction. I believe that all fprings and out- 

 proceed from t> ur ft s f water proceed from dykes. The extent of thefe. is 

 various. Some may be traced for many miles, and their effects 



feeq 



