of 'various Oualltles. fiJ7 



t?efs or procefles; for, when I meet with or procure iron- 

 ftones or iron-ores fufficicntly rich, and free from foreign 

 niixturt's, I fave even' the time and expcnfe neceflary for the 

 converdon of iuch iron-ltonc or iron-ore firft into calt or pig- 

 iron, and afterwards by a tedious and expenfive proeefs, 

 aeCompanied with a great wafte of metal, into bar-iron. 

 For fuch ore or iron-llones, being previoufly roafted or 

 torrified, when that procefs may be found neceifary, which 

 will often happen, niav be fubftituted for the bar- iron, 

 fcrap, or wafte iron, as before defcribed, and the refult will 

 be caft-fteei, if a proper quantity of charcoal, charcoal-duft, 

 pit-coal, pit-coal-duft, plumbago or black lead, or of 

 any fubftance containing carbonaceous matter, has been 

 ufed. 



.*^ For the common and ordinary qualities of caft-fteel, a 

 much fmaller quantity of carbonaceous matter is requifite in 

 the mixture than perhaps could have been fufpe^Sled before 

 my invention. When charcoal from wood is employed, a 

 feventieth to a ninetieth of the weight of the iron will gene- 

 rally be found fufficient. When the quantity of the carbo- 

 naceous matter or principle exceeds one feventieth, and is 

 increafcd to from one fixtieth to one fortieth or more of the 

 weight of the iron, the (leel becomes {o completely fufible 

 that it may be run into moulds of any (hape, and be capable 

 afterwards of being Jllcd and poliflied. Hence by caliing 

 may be conftrueled (loves, grates, kitchen utenfils, many 

 kinds of wheels and mill works, a great variety of fmall 

 machinery, and many other articles, which could not be fo 

 made by the procefles now in ufe, and which way of making 

 fuch articles conftitutes a part of my invention. 



" Bv mv procefs various kinds of ftecl, differing as much 

 from each. other in their qualities as the various kinds of pig 

 or cad-iron differ from each other, can be formed by merely 

 varviug the proportion of carbonaceous matter. Caft-rtcel 

 of the common and ordinary qualities is too volatile when iu 

 fufion to admit of being run into any (liape except ftraight 

 moulds of a eonlider.ible diameter ; but (leel of fuch deiiliiy 

 as to admit of being. call into any form. may be produc;pd by 

 my procefs, by iucrcallng the<iaant!ty of chajcoal, or matter 



contanuntr 



9 



