History of the Art of Dydng. 313 



ouly good cloths. They were called likewise Rhenish dyers ^ 

 either because the Rhenish league encouraged cloths of beau- 

 tiful colours, or because a great many dyers from Rliineland 

 had settled in otlier provinces of Germany. 



The above league, however, endeavoured to encourage 

 dyeing in Germany, not only by promoting trade and pro- 

 curing expert dyers, but also by various laws and regulations. 

 Thus we find, besides others, an ordinance of the Hanse 

 towns, written at Lubec, in Latin, in the year 14 18, the 

 sixth section of which contains the following passage : — " No 

 merchant shall purchase undyed cloth in any town and dye 

 it in another ; but the cloth shall be dyed in the place where 

 it is bought, under the penalty of forfeiting the cloth and the 

 dye-stuffs"^." 



After this period we find two kinds of dyers in Germany, 

 viz, the before-mentionad cloth, luoad, or Rhenish dyers, and 

 the old Hack or ordinary dyers. The former endeavoured 

 chiefly to improve their art by new inventions, as was the 

 case in the IGth century, when a fine dyer, whom some call 

 Kiister, others Kiiffler, some Kepfler, and the Dutch Drebel, 

 found out, by means of a solution of tin, the art of dyeing 

 the new scarlet colour f. From this dyer the before-men- 

 tioned German painter, Kloeck or Gliick, learned the art ; 

 and Gobelin having been taught it by the latter, it was soon 

 made known over a great part of Europe. Besides, the Ger- 

 mans now began to establish silk manufactories ; and as silk 

 Tequired a particular method of dyeing, there arose a new 

 kind of dyers called silk-dyers, of whom mention is made in 

 the laws of the empire in the 16th century J. 



At last dye-stuffs, before unknown, from the newly-dis- 

 covered countries, or at least such as were rare and expensive, 



and that, therefore, the black dyers, by way of ridicule, called the /ti# 

 dyers woad dyers. — See Grosser Analecta Fastor. Zittauiensium, p. iv.«. 4. 

 p. 168. § 10. The name cloth dyer occurs frequently in the Upts of the 

 empire. For example, in those of the year 1577, under the head Pur- 

 chasing of Woollen Cloth, § 21. also 3. 



* Flitter sReichsgesckichte, § 145. iv. not. 10. 



t Hellot on Dyeing, p. 276 j Beckmann's Ter!inology, p. ^4. The 

 antients had a scarlet colour which they dyed n-ith the cocoum kermes. 



X See Reich' 9 Aback, zu Regensburg for thb year 1594. , 

 Vol. IX. Rr being 



