Memoir upon living and fossil Elephants, 15 



?/, we shall have' by hypothesis, A : B : : 2^ : V, or AV= 



B 2/, therefore -^-TTq' = ^' ^^^^^ ^^^"S ^^"^> *^?^^ ^^^ 

 bodies are supposed to be in motion, the one from top to 

 bottom, and the other vice versa, jt is evident ihat the first 

 member of this equation is the vertical velocity of the centre 

 of gravity ot" the system : thus this centre of gravity will 

 not descend, and therefore by the preceding position there 

 must be an equilibrium. 



[To be continued.] 



III. Additional Memoir upon living and fossil Elephants, 

 By M. CuviER. 



[Concluded from vol. xxix. p. 254.] 



Article VII. 

 Comparison of the Crania of the Elephant of India and that 

 of Africa — External Characters taken from the Ears — 

 Parts of tile Cranium susceptible of Variation in one and 

 the same Species. 



JL HAD the good fortune to be the first to remark, in 1795, 

 the distinctive characters presented by the crania of the two 

 elephants, and which are so much the more interesting, as 

 they may be applied to living, or entire individuals, without 

 being obliged to examine their jaws*. I was able to re- 

 cognise them at first only by the comparison of' a cranium 

 of each species ; I have -now verified these observations by 

 inspecting seven real crania, (five of which are Indian, and 

 two African,) and several drawings. 



When these crania are separated from their lower jaws 

 and placed upon the grinders, and upon the edges of the 

 alveoli of the tusk;5, the zygomatical arcades are nearly ho- 

 rizontal in both species. 



If we next view them laterally^ what is very striking is, 



• Plate II. was long ago engraved from my own drawings. I gave a proof 

 Impression of it several years ago to M. Wiedeman of Brunswick, who copied 

 it into his Archives de Zootomie, tome ii. cah. I. pi. I. — The Author* 



that 



