2ga Oh the Affinities of 



brings the glass of iron more and more to the metallic J 

 state, undoubtedly by removing a portion of the oxygen, 

 This appears most evident from Experiments III and IV, 

 where only one grain of metal was revived by each- grain of 

 charcoal in- the mixture. As the quantity of oxygen by this 

 means became reduced, we find that the quantity of iron- 

 revived increased in & greater ratio, and at some times ex- 

 ceeded 3 to 1 of the charcoal. (See Experiments VI and- 

 VII.) 



Recapitulation of these Experiments , and the Rate of Char- 

 coal at which the metallic Particles become revived* 



Exp. I. Fusion per se, afforded no metal.' 



II. Oxide, af?d l-40th of charcoal ; n'o metaf. 



III. diHO - — l -25th of ditto j 4 percent, of iron 



revived 



IV. ditto — 1 -20th of ditto; 5 per cent. 

 V. ditto — l-10th of ditto, 28 



VI. ditto — 1-9-th of ditto, 47 

 VII. ditto ~ I -5th of ditto, 61^ 

 VIII. ditto — 1 -4th of ditto, 70 



In these eight experiments the charcoal had totally dis- 

 appeared. 



IX. ditto and 1 -3d of ditto, 72 

 Along with which was found a residuum of 4 grains of 

 carbon. 



It is also worthy of remark, that in t : he early proportions- 

 of charcoal, when one-half of the metallic eontents only 

 are revived, the metal is then discharged from the oxide h* 

 a state of complete malleability,; though highly red-short. 

 This takes place in all experiments of this nature with a. 

 sufficient dose of carbon ; and I have frequently taken ad- 

 vantage of this circumstance to form an opinion of the pro- 

 perties and strength of the malleable iron which any given 

 ore was* hkely to afford from the manufacture of the pig. 



Part of the metallic contents of any ore or oxide being 

 thus precipitated by means of charcoal in a state of uncom- 

 mon softness and ductility, we are led to infer that any ad- 

 ditional portion of carbon would' only increase the quantity 

 of malleable iron, and ultimately produce the whole contents 

 of the ore in a state of malleability. This, however, is by 

 no means the case ; for as soon as nearly one-half the metal- 

 is revived, a more powerful affinity is established betwixt 

 it and the additional carbon. Steel or crude iron is formed 

 through the whole mass by this extra combination, and every 

 appearance of softness and malleability vanishes. This takes : 



plaed 



