60 COMMODIOUS HOUSES WITH EARTHEN WALLS. 



Explanation of a a, which are 6een close together at the end of the moulds, 

 ^ * and are held fast by that means; the earth is now to be ram- 



med in between the moulds, by the rammer with an iron head 

 X. When the mould is filled with earth and well rammed 

 down, the keys are to be taken out of the bolts, and the 

 bolts drawn out; the planks are then removed, and put to- 

 together again, a length farther upon the wall, the bolts at 

 the end being put through the holes left in the wall. Only 

 one of the end boards is now put in, and the ramming pro- 

 ceeds as before. In this manner straight walls may be built 

 of any length, and when the lower course is finished, then 

 the mould may be taken to pieces, and put together again 

 upon that course; the lower bolts of the frame being put 

 through the bolt holes, which the upper bolts made in the 

 wall at the first operation, to insure that the upper part of 

 the wall is in the same place, and exactly over the lower. 

 When a wall is to be built thinner than usual, a block of 

 wood must be placed under the head of each bolt, so as to 

 diminish the space between the planks. 



When the angle walls of buildings are to be made, the ap- 

 paratus is put together, as shown in the plate ; four of the 

 planks are put together to form a right-angled mould ; one 

 end of each of the planks F and H is furnished with double 

 bolts, the other ends have each two eyebolts fixed into them, 

 as shown separately at b d ; then a bolt w connects the two 

 moulds, so as to form a hinge; the planks are kept together 

 so as to be perpendicular to each other, by a long iron rod 

 K, hooked into eyebolts fixed in the planks. The outside 

 planks of the mould are joined together in a different man- 

 ner, see fig. 5, that of one frame being longer than that of 

 the other, and has two pair of holes through its end O, to 

 receive the bolts 1 1, which are fastened to the ends of the 

 other shorter plank, and the keys are put through the ends 

 of the bolts, to secure the planks together; a piece of wood 

 P is occasionally placed between the end of the short plank 

 and the side of the other, to increase the space between the 

 planks, to make a thicker wall, the two bolts at the end of 

 the plank being received into the notches in the piece of 

 wood, and these bolts are then put through the holes ZZ of 

 V\v long plank. In building the angle wall, it is necessary, 



that 



