242 •» CHURNING BUTTER. 



five hours and a half, I thought I faw that the difficulty arofe 

 from the aukvvardnefs and conftraint of the arm that holds the 

 churn ftaff; both which are increafed in proportion as the 

 cream becomes thicker, as it is then neceflary to make a greater 

 exertion to raife and deprefs the churn ftafT. This obfervation 

 is fo true, I hat a perfon who has churned butter for half an 

 hour at the beginning, without experiencing any fatigue, can- 

 not perforin the fame work for the fpace of ten minutes after 

 the cream has become thick and offers more refiftance. 



Convinced that every interruption, or even diminution of 

 fpeed, are highly injurious to the butyraceous coagulation, I 

 thought that, without altering either the churn or churn ftafT, 

 I could adopt a method which is already ufed in feveral other 

 operations. Some members of the fociety think they have al- 

 ready feen this application to the churn ftaff, but not finding 

 it mentioned in any book, I have prefumed, that the fociety 

 will not object to make it fufficiently public, in order that it 

 may be adopted in all dairies. 



Nothing more is required than to fix to one of the beams of 

 the ceiling, a pole three yards long, fupported at the diftance 

 of two feet by a crofs piece, and itfelf fattened at the end by 

 two blocks or cleats nailed to the timbers. This pole may be 

 about three inches or more in diameter at the upper part, and 

 half that thicknefs at the lower or moveable end. At the end 

 of the pole is tied a ftrong cord, which is pafTed through a 

 hole made near the top of the churn ftafT, which is fo fattened 

 and placed, that it continues fufpended in the middle of the 

 churn. 



When the churn ttaff thus fitted up is pretted downward, it 

 enters eafily into the cream ; but the pole acting as a lever by 

 its elafticity, raifes it immediately ; this eafes the arms, for 

 the moment of the greateft exertion is when you are obliged 

 to raife them as high as the forehead to difengage the churn 

 ttafF, and immediately force it down again. 



Even if this method contributed only to diininifh the prin- 

 cipal part of the aukwardnefs and conftraint, it would be a 

 great advantage : but I fhould think this but trifling and in- 

 compleat if the contraction of the arm were not remedied. 

 After having confidered what powers are jointly employed to 

 produce the effect, I concluded that the pofition of the arm 

 ought not to be neglected during this long operation ; and 



feeking 





