OF CHURNING BUTTER. 243 



feeking by trials for the leaft painful, I determined in favour 

 of that in which the fore arm is employed in the whole mo- 

 tion. 



I therefore perforated the handle of the churn ftafF about 

 twelve inches below the hole through vyhich the cord pafles 

 that fufpends it to the pole, and I there fattened two fmall 

 handles of wood of about two centimetres each, which are 

 fattened together by an iron pin ; fo that the handle of the 

 churn ftafF refembles a crofs. The perfon who churns places 

 his hands on the two handles, and by a fimple prefFure, which 

 is fo light, that two fingers are fufficient to force the churn 

 ttafF to the bottom of the churn, he may churn for two hours 

 without experiencing any real fatigue. For the motion of the 

 elevation which alone demands the greateft exertion, is per- 

 formed by the lever of the pole. 



I made ufe of alder wood for the pole, as one of the moll 

 elaftic and leaft likely to warp. 



We fee from this defcription, 



1. How little it cofts to eftablilh the mechanical help, which 

 only confifts in a pole of alder wood of three yards long, and 

 two fmall wooden handles adapted to the churn ttafF. 



2. How greatly it affifts and increafes the power of the 

 perfon who churns, , by obviating the moft painful movement, 

 by placing the hands naturally, fo as to require the motion of 

 the fore arm only, which is evidently the leaft fatiguing. 



I am convinced by the refult of conftant pra&ice, that one 

 third of the time is faved which is ufually employed in making 

 butter. 



IX. 



Defcription of a Machine for rooting up the Stumps of Trees, 

 jByCiT. Saint Victor, Member of the Society of Agricul- 

 ture, for the Department of the Seine*. 



E 



VERY cultivator is well aware how detrimental the ftumps inconvenlencies 

 of trees are which remain in the ground, which inftead of of leaving the| 

 being rooted up at the time they were cut down, have been a f ter f e u} ng ^ 

 fawed off clofe to the flump, to fave the expence of digging trunk, 

 them out of the earth. 



# JBibliotheque Phyf. Oeconomique, de Sonini, No. 1, £4 



R2 la 



