in the Neighbourhood of Ferrybridge, in 1826-1828. 405 



Ox. — Left condyle of the lower jaw. Astragalus. 

 Posterior molar tooth, lower jaw, left side. 



Deer. — Base of the horn with a broken brow antler placed 

 exactly as in the red deer. 

 Palmated portion of the horn, agreeing closely with 

 that of the red deer. 



Both specimens smoother and rather smaller than in the 

 red deer. 



Phalangial bone. 



Part of the radius. 



Upper part of a metatarsal bone. 



The pebbles were numerous and various, and of different 

 sizes, but none exceeded five inches in diameter. Those most 

 easily recognised belonged to the following rocks : — 



Dark mountain limestone. 



Cherty sandstone, such as is dug near Leeds. 



Sandstone with Producta hemisphcvrica, such as is found near 

 Ripley and Harrogate. 



Red sandstone of the carboniferous limestone series. 



Clay and sand of different colours enveloping the bones. 



The limestone quarries of Knottingley and Brotherton ex- 

 hibit another phenomenon, of great interest to the geologist, 

 and well known to the workmen from the loss and disappoint- 

 ment which it occasions : — 1 mean those masses of red and 

 white clay called "horses" *, which range through the quarries, 

 some twenty, and some a hundred yards in length, and from 

 a few feet to many yards in breadth. On first viewing these 

 " red horses," we are apt to imagine that they fill wide fis- 

 sures in the rock, produced by ordinary dislocations, which 

 uplift the strata on one side above those on the other : but 

 this is not the case. They are indeed uniformly situated at 

 the convergence of opposite declinations: but these are some- 

 times unaccompanied by any fracture in the upper beds ; and 

 the open space below, instead of being an ordinary fissure 

 with parallel sides, widens greatly downward s like a wedge. 

 In consequence of this peculiarity, the red horses do not al- 

 ways reach the surface of the limestone ; and the workmen, 

 after removing the upper beds of that rock, find with extreme 

 vexation that they cover a subterranean mass of red clay.; By 

 tracing the course of one of these wedge-shaped dykes, we 

 perceive that for some distance the limestone walls of the fis- 

 sure are separate, and the red clay reaches to the diluvial 

 covering; but further on, the limestone walls approximate, 



* A common term among workmen for dislocated and deteriorated 

 strata. 



and 



