DISSECTION OF THE VASCULAR. SYSTEM. 53 
each side, going directly to the kidneys. The artery 
on the left side is somewhat posterior to that on the 
right. Each artery as it enters the hilus of the kidney 
splits into two or more branches. 
7. Muscular Branches. Posterior to the renal arteries 
several muscular branches may arise which are dis- 
tributed to the muscles of the abdominal wall. 
8. The Spermatic Arteries. In the male they form 
two small branches of the aorta arising some distance 
posterior to the renals and going to the testes, They 
pass to the inguinal canal, and reach the testes in the 
spermatic cords. In the female they are known as the 
ovarian arteries, and pass more directly outward to 
reach these bodies, being distributed to them and to 
the anterior portion of the oviducts. 
9. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery comes off from the 
aorta some distance posterior to the spermatics, and is 
distributed to the rectum and to the lower portion 
of the large intestine. 
10. The Iliac Arteries. Below the inferior mesenteric 
the aorta divides into three branches, the two external 
iliacs and a median trunk ; this latter soon divides again 
into three branches, the two internal iliacs and a 
median sacral or caudal artery. 
11. The Internal Iliacs. Open the pelvis as directed 
in the dissection of the reproductive organs. Each 
internal iliac gives off just beyond its origin a small 
branch, the saferzor veszcal, which passes to the blad- 
der; each iliac then divides into two main branches, 
the pudzc and the sczazzc. The pudic lies more to the 
outer side; followed out it breaks into two branches, 
one of which, the zzternal pudic, is distributed to 
the genital organs in the pelvis—in the female to 
the vagina, vestibule, and uterus; the other seems to 
