HABITS OF THE WHITE PERCH. 433 



of som size, the river, although in and above tide- water, fairly teems with them. At this season 

 they go in schools, sometimes of large si/c. I have known of twelve, fifteen, and twenty do/en 

 August Perch being taken with a line in us short a time as from three to live hours. Fishing in 

 this way a line with half a dozen hooks is used, and worms, sturgeon spawn, or live minnows a ri- 

 nsed as bait. These schools of small Perch 1 supposed to be broods of the preceding May, and 

 that they kept together until late in November. They pass down to the salt water and there 

 separate. Larger adult lisli are not as restless as these smaller ones, and are found in deeper 

 water, and usually in the tide-waters. In their feeding habits the White I'erch agree very closely 

 with the rock-lish. In all their habits, in fact, the two fish are much alitoe, and in the Delaware 

 they are always associated, the most noticeable difference in their habits being the ability of the, 

 Perch to remain and thrive in warmer waters than the Rock-fish is ever found frequenting.'- 1 

 So much has been said by the standard authorities in past years regarding the inferior quality 

 of this fish as an article of food that it seems worth while to recur to this point, and to state that 

 at the present time there is no fish found in the markets of our seaboard towns which is more 

 generally a favorite for frying, or, as the phrase goes, as a pan-fish, than the White Perch. 



146. THE BLUEFISH FAMILY POMATOMID.E. 

 THE BLTJEFIS : POMATOMUS SALTATRIX. 



NAMES. This fish, which on the coast of New England and the Middle States is called 

 the Bluefish, is also known in Rhode Island as the "Horse Mackerel"; south of Cape Hatteras as 

 the "Skipjack"; in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland it is said to be called the "Green-fish." 

 Young Bluefish are in some parts of New England called "Snapping Mackerel" or "Snappers"; 

 about New Bedford "Blue Snappers"; to distinguish them from the Sea Bass they arc sometimes 

 spoken of as the "Bluefish." About New York they are called "Skip Mackerel," and higher up 

 the Hudson River "White-fish." In the Gulf of Mexico the name "Bluefish" is in general use. 



DISTRIBUTION. This species is widely distributed in the Malay Archipelago, Australia, at 

 the Cape of Good Hope, at Natal and about Madagascar; in the Mediterranean, where it is a 

 well-known and highly-prized food-fish in the markets of Algiers, though rare on the Italian side. 

 It has been seen at Malta, at Alexandria and on the coast of Syria, and about the Canaries. It has 

 never been seen on the Atlantic coast of Europe, and, strangely enough, never in the waters of the 

 Bermudas or any of the Western Islands. On our coast it ranges from Central Brazil and the 

 Gnianas through the Gulf of Mexico and north to Nova Scotia, though never seen in the Bay of 

 Fundy. From Cape Florida to Penobscot Bay, Bluefish are abundant at all seasons when the 

 temperature of the water is propitious. It is not yet known what limits of temperature are the 

 most favorable to their welfare, but it would appear, from the study of the dates of their appear- 

 ance during a period of years in connection with the ocean temperature, that they prefer to avoid 

 water which is much colder than 40. Tt is possible that the presence of their favorite food, the 

 menhaden, has as much influence upon their movements as water temperature. It is certain that 

 few Bluefish are found on our Middle and Southern coast when the menhaden are absent; on the 

 other hand, the Bluefish do not venture in great numbers into the Gulf of Maine at the tune when 

 menhaden are schooling and are at their greatest abundance. Their favorite summer haunts are 

 in the partially protected waters of the Middle States, from May to October, with an average tem- 

 perature of 60 to 75. The menhaden, or certain schools of them, affect a cooler climate and 

 thrive in the waters of Western and Central Maine in the months when the harbor temperatures 

 are little above 50 and 55, and that of the oeean considerably lower. 



Professor Baird has published in the First Report of the United States Fish Commission an 



'Report U. S. Fish Coiumis., part iv, 1878, p. 375. 

 28 F 



