JORDAN ON THE DOLLY VARDEN. 505 



ocean. In the lakes it averages smaller, and in the mountain streams it breeds at a length of six 

 or eight inches. In all these peculiarities it agrees with its near relative, the common Brook 

 Trout of the Atlantic coast. It ranges from the upper waters of the Sacramento to Kamtchatka, 

 on the west side of the Rocky Mountain chain, and for the most part in and west of the Cascade. 

 range. From PP. get Sound northward it is generally abundant. It feeds voraciously in the salt 

 water on smelt of various sorts, young Trout, sand lances, shrimps, anchovies, herrings, and even 

 sticklebacks. In fresh waters it probably eats whatever living thing it can get. Nothing is cer- 

 tainly known of their breeding habits. They probably spawn late in the fall in the rivers, and 

 therefore those which are in the sea must be to some extent migratory. They are taken in Fra/e.r 

 River at the time of the eulachon run, but. they probably then ascend the river to feed upon the 

 eulachon, and not for spawning purposes. As a food-fish this beautiful species ranks high. 1 



167. THE GRAYLING THYMALLUS TRICOLOR. 



The following essay upon the Grayling is quoted, in a modified form, from Goode's Game 

 Fishes of the United States. 



DISCOVERY. The discovery of Grayling in Michigan and Montana was a snrpiise to Amer- 

 ican naturalists, though the areas to which this distribution is restricted are so small that one 

 can hardly wonder at the delay in finding them out. The ciedit of discovering them is di- 

 vided between Surgeon J. F. Head, United States Army, who lound in I860, in the head- 

 waters of the Missouri, specimens of the form described by Milner in' 1874, under the name 

 Thi/niatlus montanux, and Prof. Mai:ly Miles, of Lansing, Michigan, whose specimens from the 

 Michigan Peninsula were, sent, in liS04. to Professor Cope, and described by him as Thymallus 

 tricolor. A third species occurs in Alaska, and in the rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean. This 

 was first found by Capt. John Franklin's expedition toward the North Pole, in 1819, and called 

 Thymallus signifer, by Sir John Richardson, who thus describes its discovery: "This very beautiful 

 fish abounds in the rocky streams that flow through the primitive country lying north of the sixty- 

 second parallel of latitude between Mackenzie's River and the Welcome. Its highly appropriate 

 Esquimaux name ('Hewlook-Powak,') denoting ' wing-like,' alludes to its magnificent dorsal, and 

 it was in reference to the same feature that I bestowed upon it the specific appellation of Xtynifer, 

 or the 'standard-bearer,' intending also to advert to the lank of my companion, Captain Hack, 

 then a midshipman, who took the iirst specimen that we saw with the artificial lly. It is found 

 only in clear waters, and seems to delight in the most rapid parts of the mountain streams.'' As is 

 implied in these remarks, this species is remarkable for its immense dorsal fin, which is nearly 

 twice as high as the body of the fish. 



It is, however, the Michigan Gra .\ling which is at present most inteicsting to the angler, 

 the others being so remote as to be thoroughly inaccessible. Piol'essor Cope's description was 

 printed in 18(J.~>, but being expressed in technical terms, and published in the proceedings of a 

 scientific society not generally read by sportsmen, it attracted little attention. Popular interest 

 was first excited in 1S7:!, b\ the discussions in "Forest and Stream, "and by a letter from Professor 

 Agassi/,, published extensively in the daily papers, acknowledging the, icceipt of two specimens 

 sent to him from New York through the agency of Mr Ilallock, who had received them from 

 Michigan. The subject was then taken up by the newspapers, and the Grayling was soon well 

 known. A name closely associated with the study of the Grayling is the honored one of the late 

 James W. Milner. In 1871, Mr. Milner. in company with Mr. D. II. Fit/.hugh, of Bay City, Michigan, 

 visited the Jordan River for the purpose of procuring specimens of this fish; but, although many 



'For Pallas's account, see Guuther vi, 144. 



