476 NATURAL HISTORY OP AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



mountain lakes it spawns in the spring, running into the rivers for that purpose. Its great 

 enemies at that season are the various species of suckers and chubs, which feed, the former upon 

 its eggs, the latter upon the young Trout. So very destructive are the former in many trout lakes, 

 as Utah Lake, that the destruction or diminution of the suckers ought to be accomplished by law. 



A parasitic tape-worm, Dibothrium cordiceps, Leidy, is said to frequently infest this species, so 

 as to render its flesh uneatable in the summer, in the Yellowstone Lakes. (Yarrow.) 



As a lood-fish this Trout is excellent. Large numbers of the variety Henshawi are shipped to 

 the market of San Francisco. Attempts have been made to cultivate it iu parts of California, I 

 believe with success. A small hatchery has been established at Tahoe City for the purpose of 

 keeping stocked a small branch of the lake in which summer visitors may fish. 



In the opinion of the writer this species is likely to prove much more valuable for introduction 

 into Eastern waters than the Rainbow Trout. It is more active, more gamy, reaches a larger size, 

 and thrives in a greater variety of waters. 



THE Rio GRANDE TKOUT SALMO SPILURTJS. 



This species is abundant in the headwaters of the Rio Grande, Rio Colorado, and their tribu- 

 taries, being the finest food-fish iu New Mexico and Western Colorado. It has also been taken in 

 Bear River, and probably is found in most of the mountain streams of Utah, being in general 

 rattier southern in its distribution. It probably inhabits all .streams within the circle of its distri- 

 bution, without regard to the direction in which they may flow. We have not seen this species in 

 life, and little distinctive is known of its habits. It is probably a comparatively recent ofl'shoot 

 from 8. purpuratus. As in other species, considerable variation is shown in specimens from differ- 

 ent localities. Its usual size is larger than that of 8. purpuratus. 



THE DOG SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS KETA. 



This species, during the period of its run in the fall, generally goes by the name of "Dog 

 Salmon," under which name the males of the Silver Salmon, and even of the Quinnat, are often con- 

 founded with it. The Russians now, as iu the time of Penuant, Pallas, aud Walbanin, call it 

 " Kayko," the name " Keta " (whale) being no longer in use. On Frazer River the name (Musquam) 

 is now "Qualoeh," at Seattle (Nisqually) "Ktla-why," and in the Chinnook jargon "Le-Kai." 

 This species is very uniform in its size, and averages ten to twelve pounds. It ranges from the 

 Sacramento River to Bering Strait, where it seems to be especially abundant; it being the only 

 Salmon brought from there in a recent cruise of the. revenue-cutter Corwin. It is seldom or never 

 seen in the rivers in spring. 



THE HUMP-BACKED SALMON ONCORHYNCHTTS GORBUSCHA (Walb.) Gill & Jor. 



Tliis species is known to the Russians still, as in the time of Pennant aud Pallas, by the name 

 of " Gorbuscha," (/orb meaning hump. The English speaking people call it generally the ''Hump- 

 back Salmon," and often the "Dog Salmon." On Frazer River it is known as "Holia" or "Hone" 

 Salmon, and on Puget Sound as the ' Haddoh." This is one of the smallest Salmon, not averaging 

 over lour or live pounds, aud probably never exceeding ten. It ranges from the Sacramento Kiver 

 to Alaska and Kamtchatka, In the Sacramento and Columbia it is only an estray, on the latter 

 river bi-iiig sometimes called "Lost Salmon." In Puget Sound it runs in large numbers in late 

 summer and fall, like the Kc.tn or Dog Salmon, ascending every little stream. Its run in Puget 

 Sound lakes place on allernate years, a fact which seems to be well established. It was very plenty 

 in IS79. None were noticed in 1880, but stragglers are occasionally taken during the year of 



