SCULPINS OF THE ATLANTIC COAST. 259 



gorging themselves with refuse thrown back into the sea; they care little for the presence of man, 

 and can hardly be driven away, even when roughly punched with a bout-hook. 



In the lakes and streams of the Northern States are numerous species of Uranidea and allied 

 genera, known in some localities by the English name of " Miller's Thumb," also called " Bull-heads," 

 "Goblins," "Blobs," and "Muffle-jaws." They are small and of no importance except as the food 

 of larger species. 



SCULPINS OF THE PACIFIC COAST. The Cottidai, according to Jordan, are represented on 

 the Pacific coast by about eighteen separate species, known by such names as " Sculpiu," "Drum- 

 mer," " Salpa," "Johnny," " Biggy-head," and "Cabezou." Only one of these species, Scorpcen- 

 ichthys marmoratus, has any sort of economic importance; the others maybe considered collect- 

 ively. The names applied to them may be briefly considered. The name Sculpin, of course, is 

 derived from that in use for the Atlantic species of Cottus. "Drummer" comes from the quivering 

 noise made by many species when taken alive out of the water. " Salpa" is a Spanish word for 

 toad, and applied also to species of Batrachidae. "Johnny" is applied only to very little Sculpins 

 along the shore, notably Oligocottus maculosus. The same name is given in the Ohio Valley to 

 fishes of precisely similar habits, the JEthenstomatlnce. "Biggy-head" and its Spanish cognate 

 "Cabezou" are used by the Italians and Spanish about Monterey, Santa Barbara, and elsewhere, 

 for different Cottidae. 



Most of the Cottida3 feed upon small fishes, and especially Crustacea ; one species, Enophrys 

 6won, being a vegetable feeder. All take the hook readily. The flesh is poor, tough, and dry, and 

 the waste by the removal of the head, viscera, and skin is so great that even the poorest people 

 do not use them as food. Various sorts (notably Leptocottus armatus) are dried by the Chinese, 

 who consider them the poorest of all dried fishes. 



The species are : Psychrolutes paradoxus Gthr., found from the Straits of Fuca northward; 

 Ascelichthys rhodorus Jor. and Gilb., also chiefly northward; Cottus polyacanthocephalus Pallas, one 

 of the largest species, from Cape Flattery northward; Artedius latcralis Grd., found among the 

 rocks from Monterey northward; Artedius notospilotus Grd., in the kelp, etc., from Santa Barbara 

 to San Francisco; Artedius fenestralis Jor. and Gilb., about Vancouver's Island; Artedius quadri 

 seriatus Lockington and Artedius megacephalus Lockingtou, taken in deep water off San Francisco; 

 Artedius pugettensis Steind., in deep water from Puget Sound northward; Hemilepidotus spinoxi/x 

 Ayres, found chiefly about San Francisco and Monterey, and the large Hemilepidotus trachurus 

 (Tilesius), ranging from San Francisco to Alaska; Enophrys bison Grd., a large species, the sole 

 member of the group feeding exclusively on plants, ranging from San Francisco to Alaska, and 

 xi.-eedingly abundant in Puget Sound; Scorpcenichthys marmoratus Grd., noticed below; Leptocottus 

 (irmatus Grd., the commonest of all the species, abundant in every bay; Liocottus hirundo Grd., and 

 Oligocottus analis Grd., two species ranging chiefly southward; Oliyocottus globiceps, Grd., and Otigo- 

 cottus maculosus Grd., small and active inhabitants of the rock pools northward; and, finally, the 

 curious Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas) Gthr., Nautichthys oculofasciatus Grd., and Khamphocottus Rich- 

 unlnoni Gthr., Alaskan fishes straggling southward to San Francisco. In the fresh waters and 

 often running into the sea are Uranidea aspera (Rich.) J. and G., and Uranidea gulosa (Grd.) J. and 

 G., found in all the streams north of the San Joaquin. Only one of this numerous series merits 

 especial consideration, namely the "Cabezon," Scorpcenichthys marmoratus (Ay res) Grd. The names 

 "Cabezo'n," "Sculpin," "Scorpion," "Salpa," and "Biggy-head" are applied to this species. The 

 latter is heard chiefly among the Italians, who have about Monterey and elsewhere adopted the 

 Spanish "Cabezon," which appears to be the most distinctive term. The names "Sculpiu," "Scor- 

 pion," and " Salpa" are applied to various other species, and are rather collective than specific names.. 



