V28 NATURAL HISTORY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



The average size of the Haddock is probably not far from three or four 'pounds; many t\vcl\-c> 

 jiound fish are brought to market, and individuals weighing seventeen pounds are on record. 



lu 1879 Haddock were successfully hatched, under the supervision of Mr. Earll, at the Glou- 

 cester station of the United States Fish Commission. 



USES. The Haddock is now very highly esteemed as a food fish, having grown in favor during 

 the last twenty years. It is especially desirable for boiling or for making chowders, a:;d is a great 

 favorite in Boston, while in Philadelphia enormous quantities are yearly consumed. Being well 

 adapted for preservation in ice, great numbers of them are distributed through the interior of the 

 country, together with the Codfish. The success with which the Scotch method of smoking Had- 

 dock has been introduced into this country has also greatly increased the demand for them, and 

 Finland Haddies are manufactured in enormous quantities in Portland and Boston. At Province- 

 town a Haddock salted and dried after being split is called by the name "Skulljoe," or "Scoodled 

 Skulljoe.'' 



68. THE POLLOCK. POLLACHIUS CAKBONABIUS. 



The Pollock, Pollachius carbonarius, which is the Coalfish of England, the Koliler of Germany, 

 and tlie Sei of Norway and Sweden, is closely related to the Pollack of Great Britain, Pollacliius 

 vlrens, from which, however, it is specifically different. It is one of the best-known fishes of North- 

 ern Europe, as may be inferred from the abundance of its common names. The following names 

 are in use in different parts of England : Baddoch, Billet, Billard, Black Pollock, Black-Jack, 

 Black-Coalsey, Blockau, Blockin, Coal, Coal-fish, Coalsay, Coalsey, Coal-Whiting, Colemie, Col- 

 mey, Cooth, Cudden, Cuddy, Dargie, Gilpiu, Glassock, Glasliau, Glossan, Glossin, Green-Cod 

 Green Pollock, Grey-lord, Gull-fisli, Harbin, Kuth, Lob, Lob-Keling, Maulrush, Parr, Piltock, 

 Podley, Poddlie, Podling, Pollack, Prinkle, Banning Pollack, Rawliu Pollack, Rock Salmon, 

 Haw Pollock, Saithe, Sethe, Sey, Sey Pollack, Sillock, Skrae-fish, Stenlock, Tibrie. 



DISTRIBUTION. Its geographical distribution is quite different from that of either the Cod or 

 Haddock, its northern range, at least in the Eastern Atlantic, being fully as wide as that of the 

 Cod, the species having been found in the northern part of Spitzbergen, beyond the parallel of SO , 

 and on the arctic coast of Europe. It rarely enters the Baltic. Bloch records a specimen from 

 Lnbeck, and it is said to occur on the coast of Pomerauia. 



Concerning the limits of its southern range authorities differ. Gunther places this at latitude 

 46 in the Bay of Biscay, while others claim that it enters the Mediterranean. Canestrini states 

 that it has been observed at Tarauto. 1 It does not appear, however, that the species is abundant 

 south of the English Channel. It occurs about Iceland and on the west coast of Davis Straits, 

 where specimens were obtained by Sir Edward Parry on his first voyage. North of Newfound- 

 land it does not seem to be very abundant, while to the south the limit appears to be in the 

 vicinity of Nantucket Shoals, where specimens are occasionally taken by the cod smacks. 



In Perley's "Catalogue of the Fishes of Nova Scotia," he states that he had never seen the 

 fish in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, nor heard of it except near the Straits of Canso, although it 

 was found very abundant in the Bay of Fundy and everywhere except in the muddy waters, 

 such as those of Cumberland Bay and the Basin of Miuas. 



I have seen large individuals taken in midsummer in the pounds in Vineyard Sound, and 

 the capture of small individuals in these waters is not unusual. They are often taken, according 

 to De Kay, oft' New York, in company with the Cod. In June, 1881, the schooner "Edward E. 

 Webster," of Gloucester, Solomon Jacobs, captain, returning from a, southern mackerel trip, fell in 



'CANKSTUINI: I'Miinad' Italia. Peschi, 1872, p. 155. 



