(57fJ NATURAL U1STOBY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 



Hcjcanchus corinus J. & G. Monterey northward. 



Heterodoiitus Frandsd (Grd.) Dum. Leopard Shark. Point Coucepcion southward. 



Seylliorhinits rcntriomm Garmau. Grouud Shark. From Monterey southward. 



Alopinx eit^cs (Gmel.) Bouap. Thrasher. Monterey Bay. 



Imtrus sp. San Pedro. 



L'liniia cornttbica (L.). Monterey Bay. 



Carcharodon carcharias (L.) J. & G. Man-eater Shark. Monterey Bay and southward. 



Cetorhinus majciimis (L.) Blaiuv. Ground Shark. Monterey Bay northward. 



Sphyrna zygcena (L.) Rat'. Hammer-head Shark. San Pedro. 



Carcharias glaucus (L.) J. & G. Blue Shark. San Francisco and northward. 



Carcharias lamella J. & G. Bay Shark. San Uiego. 



Galcocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Heule. San Diego. 



Galeorhimis zygopterus J. & G. Oil Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads semifasci'atus Grd. Cat Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Triads Henlci (Gill.) Putn. Monterey and northward. 



Mustelus californicus Gill. Dog Shark. San Francisco and southward. 



Sqiialus acant hias L. Dbg-fish; Spiuarola. Santa Barbara to Alaska. 



Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch) Gill. Puget Sound northward. 



SHOVEL-NOSED SHARK HEPTRANCHIAS MACULATTIS. 



This species is usually known as the "Shovel-nosed Shark." It reaches a length of three to 

 five feet. It ranges from Monterey Bay northward, being most abundant in Northern California. 

 About Eureka, on Huuiboldt Bay, it is pursued for its oil, which has some value. For a discus- 

 sion of this, see the account of Humboldt County, California. 



OIL SHARK GALEORHINUS ZYOPTERUS. 



This species, which is closely allied to the common Tope of Europe, is known in California as 

 the "Oil Shark" or "White Shark." It reaches a length of five to six feet and a weight of thirty 

 to forty pounds, the average being about twenty. It ranges from Tomales to San Diego, being 

 especially abundant in spring about Monterey and Los Angeles, especially at Sequel, Monterey, 

 Westminster, and Newport. It feeds on other fishes, herring being the best bait. It brings forth 

 its young alive from April to August, entering small bays and lagoons for this purpose. At these 

 times it is chiefly taken. It is valued for the oil in its liver and for its fins. A liver makes from 

 one-half to one gallon of oil. The fins are sold to the Chinese, who dry them, and removing the 

 skin and flesh extract from the rays a fine, clear- white gelatine, which is highly valued by them for 

 jnaking soups. This is the only American species the fins of which they consider valuable. 



DOGFISH SQUALUS ACANTHIAS. 



This .species is everywhere called the "Dogfish." The Italian fishermen also call it "Spiua- 

 rola." It reaches a length of about three feet. It ranges from Alaska southward as far as Santa 

 Barbara, but its abundance is from Puget Sound nortliward among the islands. It lives 

 especially in dee]) or quiet bays and channels, coming into shallower waters in pursuit of schools 

 of herring, smelt, or salmon. It feeds on anything, even its own young, but the herring make the 

 chief part of its diet. The young are brought forth in June in Puget Sound. It is valued for its 

 liver, from which dogfish oil is extracted. 



