18 GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OP THE FISHERIES. 



conceived tbe idea of using small herring for "Russian sardines." They at once ordered a supply 

 of these fish from Eastport for their experiments. The herring were found to answer the purpose 

 admirably, and the following summer parties went to Eastport to engage in this business. It was 

 soon found that the herring could also be utilized in the preparation of oil sardines, and, after various 

 experiments, methods were hit upon by which a fine, quality of sardines were prepared. From the 

 first the demand for American sardines has rapidly increased and other establishments soon located 

 at Eastport, and several canneries have recently been built elsewhere along the shore for utilizing the 

 small herring that are found in considerable quantities. In the fall of 1880 there were in the town 

 of Eastport alone thirteen canneries, employing nearly 1,500 persons, for the capture and prepara- 

 tion of sardines. These put tip during the season about 7,000,000 cans, valued at upwards of 

 $725,000. 



EXTENT OF THE VESSEL AND BOAT FISHERIES IN 1880. An examination into the present 

 condition of the fishing fleet shows that in 1880 Eastport had fourteen vessels, with a total of 

 358.56 tons, valued at $13,000. These carried ninety-two men, and landed about 8,750 quintals of 

 fish. In addition to these there were five or six small vessels, owned by Eastport parties, sailing 

 under the British flag. There were seventeen herring weirs, valued at $4,000, at Eastport and 

 adjacent small islands. These caught about 1,200 hogheads of fish, worth over $5,000. Between 

 thirty and forty additional boat- fishermen were engaged in the capture of pollock, hake, and 

 haddock in summer, the greater part of these, with a few others, turning their attention to the 

 herring fisheries in winter. 



EASTPORT TRADE IN FISHING PRODUCTS. There were eleven firms dealing extensively in 

 fishery products which they bought from the American and Provincial fishermen. They furnished 

 constant employment to twenty-seven men, and required fifteen additional hands during the busy 

 season. These firms occupied property worth $27,000, and required a cash capital of $52,000 for 

 carrying on their business. They handled in 1870, according to estimates by Mr. S. B. Hume, 

 Paine Brothers, Mr. B. F. Milliken, and others, .50,000 quintals of dry fish, 13,700 barrels of pickled 

 fish, 375,000 boxes of smoked herring, 45,000 boxes of bloater herring, 210,000 pounds of smoked 

 haddock, 53,000 pounds of dry fish-sounds, 3,000 barrels of liver and herring oil, and 5,000 barrels 

 of pomace, the whole having a value of $330,000. The frozen-herring, sardine, and lobster 

 interests mentioned elsewhere foot up about $840,000 more, making the total trade in fishery 

 products at Eastport $1,170,000. 



5. THE FISHING TOWNS BETWEEN EASTPORT AND LUBEC. 



PEMBROKE. Pembroke is a town of about 2,500 inhabitants, lying to the north of Cobscook 

 Bay. It is traversed throughout its entire length by Penmaquau River, which in its lower half is 

 of considerable width and is known as Penuiaquan Bay. The lower part of its western boundary 

 is formed by the north branch of the Cobscook River, an arm of Cobscook Bay, into which the 

 Dennys River empties. The water in the vicinity of the town is quite salt, and is much affected 

 by the tides, which an-, unusually strong. 



The town has two post offices. The principal one is at Pembroke, a village of over a thousand 

 inhabitants, with extensive lumbering interests, and a large iron mill ; the other, called West Pem- 

 broke, is at the head of navigation of the river, a mile or more above Pembroke village. The latter 

 was formerly engaged in ship-building and had a small lumber trade, but it is now an agricultural 

 section, with no business of note. 



The fishing for salt-water species is of little importance. The fishing fleet consists of two ves- 



