628 GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF THE FISHERIES. 



located at Port Blakeley, on the west side of Admiralty Inlet, opposite Seattle. Its business is 

 described under the head "Salmon fisheries of Washington Territory." 



PORT MADISON. A colony of about fifteen Chinamen are engaged in drying fish near Port 

 Madison. Besides fishing themselves, they purchase large quantities from the Indians. They 

 prepare the fish in the ordinary way, soaking them for two or three days in weak briue; then dry- 

 ing them on racks in the open air. They put up perch (Damalichthys) and different species of 

 flounders, mostly I'aroplirys vetulus, Lepidopsetta bilineata, and Pleuronichtliys ccenosus. Flounders 

 are valued most highly by the Chinese. The different species of Embiotocidw are dried principally 

 for the use of the Chinese working in the mines. Chinese do not like salmon. 



Both Chinese and Indians at Port Madison fish with coarse-meshed nets, and throw back fish 

 under six inches in length. 



A herring fishery, owned by Mr. J. P. Hammond, is in operation during the winter season 

 from about November 1 to March 1. During the last season they worked but one fine-meshed 

 seine, 450 feet long, ^-inch mesh. Thirteen white men of various nationalities were' employed, at 

 wages of $25 to $30 per mouth. The herring are most abundant in February and March, when 

 they come into the bay to spawn. They are in best condition from November to January, becom- 

 ing poor and comparatively worthless as soon as they begin to spawn. The herring run into the 

 bay in large numbers for shelter from heavy storms. The fishery has been at Port Madison since 

 1870. The business is constantly increasing, but there are as many or more fish than at first. 



During the herring season they catch from 1 to 1,000 barrels at a haul. The herring are either 

 smoked and dried or used for oil. The smoked fish are put up in boxes of about five dozen each, 

 and mostly sent to San Francisco, where they are sold for 30 to 35 cents per box. 



To make oil, the fish are steamed in wooden boxes and afterwards pressed. One barrel of fish 

 produces about li gallons of oil, which is worth from 35 to 45 cents per gallon. The oil is used 

 for rough purposes for greasing skins in tanneries, and at log camps. 



During the last season (1879-'80) there were put up 2,500 boxes of smoked herring and 5,700 

 gallons of oil; in 1877 and 1878, 5,000 boxes and 17,000 gallons. 



UTSALADDY, SAN JUAN, AND OTHER SETTLEMENTS. At various places in the northeast part 

 of the sound the Indians fish for salmon and dogfish, and occasionally Italians and Chinamen 

 engage in the same business. 



MUCKILTEO. The cannery of Jackson & Myers, formerly at this point, Las been removed to 

 near Seattle. The salmon were formerly abundant here, but have now grown scarce. It has been 

 thought that the offal from the cannery drives them away. The salmon were netted in schools in 

 salt water by the Indians. 



The species canned are the female "haddo" (0. gorbitscha) and the silver salmon (0. Msutch). 

 The first run is in July, when the haddos appear, at first males and females similar, but afterwards 

 the males grow dark, red, humpbacked, and hook-billed, and are rejected. They weigh but 5 or 6 

 pounds, and are very slimy after being taken out of water. 



The silver salmon here rarely weighs over 22 pounds, the average not more than 6 or 8. In 

 alternate years the run of haddos is very small or nothing. At other times it is extremely large. 



PORT GAMBLE AND PORT LUDLOW. At these points the only fishing done is that of China- 

 men and boys from the wharves, and of the neighboring Siwash Indians. In this region consid- 

 erable dog-fishing is done by the Indians, the oil being mostly rendered by putting the livers into 

 wooden troughs and throwing in hot stones, finally pouring off the oil from the scraps. 



PORT TOWNSEND. Three Italians fish at Port Townsend for halibut and dogfish. They have 



