28 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



muscles of the trunk and limbs are exposed, as in the side view, 



%. 11. 



The ' spinalis dorsi ' repeats closely the characters of that muscle 

 in Man. Its continuation, the ' spinalis ccrvicis,' is in the Horse 

 of great strength and importance : its origin commences from the 

 second dorsal spine, which origin is continued for about one-third 

 of the way down that spine toward its root : it arises likewise from 

 the third dorsal spine and the ligamentum nucha? ; from these 

 origins it runs forward to be implanted by strong and distinct ten- 

 dons into the spines of the anterior cervical vertebra?. 



The ' longissimus dorsi ' is situated immediately external to the 

 spinalis, taking its origin from the common mass of muscle that 

 arises beneath the lumbar fascia, as well as from the spinous pro- 

 cesses of the loins and sacrum, whence it runs forward to be in- 

 serted by a double set of tendons into the transverse processes of 

 the loins and back, and also into the posterior ribs near their angles. 

 Its continuation, the e transversalis colli,' consists of very powerful 

 fasciculi, inserted respectively into the diapophysial parts of the 

 last five cervical vertebrae. 



The ' sacro-lumbalis ' arises, in conjunction with the latissimus 

 dorsi, from the back of the sacrum, and also by flat tendons from 

 all the ribs, except two or three of the most anterior ; and its slips 

 are inserted by as many distinct tendons into the inferior edge of 

 all the ribs, except two or three of the hindmost, and also into the 

 transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. The continua- 

 tion of this muscle, the f cervicalis ascendens,' is chiefly remark- 

 able for the strength of its tendinous insertions into the middle 

 vertebra? of the neck. 



The ' multifidus spina?,' in the dorsal region, arises by numerous 

 tendons from the metapophyses of the sacral, lumbar, and dorsal 

 vertebra? ; each slip running forward to be inserted into the neural 

 spine of the vertebra in front of that from which it derives its 

 origin, the whole forming a thick mass, which fills up the hollow 

 situated between the spinous and transverse processes. In the 

 neck a similar disposition exists. 



Besides the ' intertransversarii colli,' there is a series of muscles 

 arising from the prezygapophyses of the first dorsal and five last 

 cervical vertebra?, and inserted, severally, into the side of the 

 centrum in advance : they are called by Stubbs e intervertebrales/ 1 



The ( longus colli ' arises from the transverse processes of the 

 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth vertebra? of the neck, from which 

 origins it runs upward to be inserted by distinct tendons into the 



