MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMALIA, 



59 



fibres from the deeper surface of the main tendon ; \b is the ten- 

 don to the last phalanx of the second toe. 



27 



26 



IV 



Muscles of the foot, Gorilla. r - . 



Muscles of the foot, Man. 



The long fibular flexor of the toes, arising from the back part, 

 of the fibula and interosseous ligament, grooves by its tendon the 

 posterior part of the tibia, the astragalus and the calcaneum, and 

 divides at the sole, fig. 26, 2, into the perforating tendons of the 

 hallux, 2c, the third, 2Z>, and the fourth, 2#, toes. The portion of 

 the flexor brevis which rises from the calcaneum divides into two 

 tendons which form the perforated ones of the third, 3', and 

 second, 3", toes. The short muscles giving the grasping power 

 to the hind thumb are, s, ' abductor hallucis,' 9, * flexor brevis 

 hallucis,' 10 ' adductor obliquus hallucis,' and n, ' adductor trans- 

 versalis hallucis.' The lumbricales and interossei are powerfully 

 developed. In the Orang the long fibular flexor sends no tendon 

 to the hallux. 



The ordinal modification of the hind- or lower- limbs for the 

 whole work of sustaining and moving the body, in Bimana, is 

 accompanied by well marked and considerable modifications of 

 the toes, the chief of which are illustrated by comparison of 

 the figure, 26, from the highest ape, with fig. 27. The long 



