2)8 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



IfiO 



Septal cartilage, xciv' 



161 



n, is fixed iii the groove of the ' perpendicular plate of the 

 ethmoid,' the lower border, b, fits into the front groove of the 



vomer; the anterior border, c, 

 extends from the nasal bones, 

 where it is thickest, as at 2, d, 

 and grows thinner down 

 toward the apex of the nose. 

 The varying proportions and 

 form of the septal cartilage 

 mainly govern the shape and 

 prominence of the nose : it 

 is least developed but thick- 

 est in the Negro and Papuan 

 races. The lateral cartilages vary in size and shape, the upper 

 one, fig. 159, a, is triangular, continuous in front with its fellow, 



where they are closely connected with 

 the tipper half of the anterior border, 

 fig. 160, c, of the septal cartilage. 

 The largest of the ( alar ' or e pinnate ' 

 cartilages, fig. 159, b, is bent upon 

 itself, almost surrounding and go- 

 verning the shape of the nostril : 

 it is movably connected with the 

 lower and outer part of a. To the 

 outer and hinder apex of the carti- 

 lage by is joined the first of the three 

 small cartilages, c, d, e, which sup- 

 port the posterior convex part of the 

 4 ala ' or wing of the nose. The flex- 

 ible fibrous tissue connecting these 



o 



elastic cartilages allow of the move- 

 ments of the parts to be readily pro- 

 duced, and the muscles are accord- 

 ingly feeble. The ( pyramidalis nasi,' 

 fig. 161, c, is continued from the 

 medial portion of the ' frontalis,' fig. 

 28, f f which descends over the upper 

 part of the nose to the cellular tis- 

 sue covering the cartilage, a, and thence onward to combine 



o o y 



with fibres of the 'triangularis nasi,' fig. 161, e, and fig. 29, n. The 

 ' leA^ator labii superioris alajque nasi ' is shown at dd, fig. 161 ; in 

 the degree in which the alar is distinct from the labial portion, 

 or has been distinctly exercised, the wings of the nose can be ex- 



Muscles of human nose, xciv 



