ALIMENTARY CANAL OF CARNIVORA. 443 



transverse rugae. The stomach of the Lion, fig. 347, shows its 

 common form in the order : it is chiefly elongated from right 



*/ c? cu 



to left : but lies less transversely to the abdomen than in Man : the 



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cardia, , and pylorus, b, are wide apart: there is but a small 

 extent of ( blind sac,' d, to the left of the cardia, and the pyloric 

 end, e, b, is bent abruptly and closely upon the middle of the 

 stomach. The longitudinal fibres of the muscular coat form a 



o 



strong band along the lesser curvature : the rugae of the inner 

 coat affect a longitudinal course : the pyloric valve is less promi- 

 nent than in man. The branches from the f arteria coronaria 

 ventriculi ' pass some way down the front wall before penetrating 

 the gastric coats ; not entering at the lesser curvature, as in Man. 

 In all Fdid(s the pylorus is suspended by a duplicature of peri- 

 toneum, and the duodenum has the same loose attachment, to its 

 termination, which becomes more closely tied to the vertebral body. 



V tf 



The mesentery again expands to suspend the rest of the small in- 

 testines. In a full grown Lion these measured 18 feet, with a uni- 

 form circumference of 2J inches. The caecum was 2 inches long: 

 it is simple and conical, fig. 348 : the 



348 



length of the large intestines was 2 feet 10 

 inches; the colon soon gains a circum- 

 ference of 4 inches. The muscular coat 

 of the intestines is thick throughout. The 

 terminal orifice of the ileum is circular, 

 and situated on a valvular prominence of 

 the same form. The apex of the caecum 



, ^ . . i p 1 1 i Caecum of the Lion 



is a cluster ot intestinal tollicles. 



The lining membrane of the small intestine has fine and close- 



o 



set villi in the Lion ; they are longer and coarser in the Bear, and 

 seem to be rather flattened than cylindrical. In contracted parts 

 of the tube the lining membrane is thrown into longitudinal 



~ t5 



rugae : the agminate follicles form long longitudinal tracts in the 

 Lion. In the Hyaena the caecum is about twice the length of that 



J O 



in the Lion, relatively. 



In the Dog the gullet extends about two inches beyond the 

 diaphragm before terminating in the stomach. The duodenum is 

 loosely suspended by a mesentery, except at its transit across the 

 vertebra? to become jejunum. The caecum is relatively longer 

 than in the Hyaena, and after a short course is folded or curved. 

 The intestinal canal is longer and narrower in the Dog than in the 



<-> O 



Wolf, and the caecum in the latter is curved from its origin : it has 



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three coils in the Fox. 



The rugae of the gastric membrane are numerous and well- 



