LIVER OF MAMMALIA. 



483 



369 



or canal, called ' cystic,' to the right of the suspensory one. The 

 cystic fissure is the less constant character ; the suspensory fold 

 is almost obsolete in some Bats, which pass the greater part of 

 their time head downward. 



In the more simple or entire forms of liver, as the human and 

 cetacean, fig. 255, e,f, the suspensory fissure, ib. g, and fig. 369, 

 3, divides the left, ib. i, from the right lobe, ib. IG, is: the process 

 sent off from the under and back part of the gland to the lesser 

 curvature of the stomach, in Man, being the ( Spigelian lobule,' 

 ib. 20. In the majority of Mammals a lobe is more definitely 

 marked off by a deeper cleft to thexleft of the suspensory fissure, 

 and a right portion is similarly defined by a cleft to the right of 

 the cystic fissure. Th^se two superadded clefts thus define a 

 middle, commonly the largest, portion of the liver, which is cha- 

 racterised by the ' suspensory ' and ' cystic ' fissures. It is the 

 ( cystic ' or gall-lobe, 1 and 



is the homoloffue of the 



~ 



right portion of the left lobe 

 and the left portion of the 

 right lobe, including the 

 cystic fossa, of the human 



V 



liver. 2 The portion of the 

 gland to the right of the 

 cystic lobe, in most qua- 

 drupeds, is subdivided into 

 two or more lobules ; the 

 lobe to the left more com- 

 monly remains single. The 



I O 



transverse depression usu- 

 ally about the middle of the under-surface of the liver, or ot the 

 cystic lobe, by which the portal vein enters the gland, is the 

 ' portal ' fissure, ib. 7. Another groove or canal is called f post- 

 caval,' being traversed by the yein, ib. is, of that name. 



In the large Shrew, fig. 323, and in most Insectivora, the more 

 subdivided condition of the liver, h, h, exists : the cystic lobe is 



1 'The "gall-lobe" is the largest.' Anat. of Capybara, ccxxxvi. vol. ii. p. 213. 



2 I do not regard the whole human liver as the homologue of the 'cystic lobe' in 

 quadrupeds, and the 'right and left lobes' in them as superadded parts, as in the 

 following view : ' II faut considerer le foie de Yhomme comme compose d'un seul lobe, 

 quenous appelons " lobe principal " avec un rudiment de lobule droit, celui de Spigelius- 

 Nous verrons saccessivemeut uu lobe gauche et un lobe droit s'ajouter a gauche et a 

 droite du " lobe principal," puis un lobule droit et un lobule gauche,' xii. torn. iv. 

 deuxieme partie, p. 432. The homologue of the ' Spigelian lobule' is shown by its 

 relation to the lesser curvature of the stomach. Fissures, rather than lobes are added 

 to the liver of quadrupeds. 3 Ib. p. 197. 



i i 2 



The under-surface of the human lirer. 



