484 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



marked by the gall-bladder, v, and by the suspensory notch to its 

 left; beyond this is the left lobe, and, on the opposite side, are 

 subdivisions of the right lobe. The liver of the Tupaia adheres 

 to this type, showing four lobes, the gall-bladder presenting its 

 fimdus at the upper part of the cystic fissure, ' as if in a hole.' 3 

 The ^all-bladder is for the most part of considerable size. In the 



r ' *- 



Hedgehog its fund us appears beyond the free margin of the liver, 

 and is supported by a process of falciform ligament. In the 

 Tenrec, on the contrary, it is as it were incrusted by the substance 

 of the right portion of the principal lobe. 



The liver of Bats is very little divided : occasionally a small 

 lobe is marked off to the left of the suspensory limit of the cystic 

 lobe : still more rarely is there a right lobe. All Bats, with the 

 Roussettes and Colugos. have the gall-bladder. 



O * O 



The liver of the two-toed Sloth is confined to the right hypo- 

 chondrium, and consists chiefly of a very large cystic lobe, re- 

 ceiving the suspensory ligament : sometimes a small left lobe is 

 marked off 5 and there is always a smaller Spigelian lobe behind. 

 In the Ai (Bradypus, 3-dactylus) the left lobe is not present, and 

 the posterior lobule is less defined ; but there are one or two 

 fissures at this part. This Sloth has no gall-bladder : the two-toed 

 kind possesses one. Hunter describes its cystic duct as passing 

 ' down through the substance of the liver and emersnno; at the aorta, 



o o r? J 



like the ductus hepaticus ;' it then joined that duct, and the common 

 canal entered the duodenum about 4 inches from the pylorus. 1 



The cystic lobe is the largest in the Armadillos : there are two 

 small lobes to the right, as well as one to the left : all the species 

 have the gall-bladder. I found it more deeply imbedded in 

 Dasypus sexcinctus than in D. Pcba.^ 



The liver in Orycteropus differs in the non-division of the right 

 lobe. In the specimen dissected by Jaeger, 3 the gall-bladder 

 was double, the two being closely connected by cellular tissue, 

 and having a common covering of peritoneum : the two cystic 

 ducts soon unite into one, which is joined by three hepatic ducts: 

 the common duct terminating about an inch from the pylorus. 

 The liver of Myrmecophaga shows, likewise, a cystic, a left, and 

 a right lobe, and extends from the right to the left hypochondrium : 

 the fundus of the gall-bladder protrudes through a subcircular 

 notch at the convex side of the gland in Mi/rm. jubota. 



In the Rodentia the cystic lobe has the usual characters, is the 

 largest, and is often so deeply cleft by its characteristic fissures 

 as to present the appearance of three distinct lobes, the left lobe 



1 ccxxxvi. vol. ii. p. 177- 2 cxxvra", p. 154. 



3 CXLTX". p. 19. 



