TEETH OF DIPHYODONTS. 323 



that is to say, there are on each side of the jaw, both above and be- 

 low, two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three true molars. 

 They are more equal in size than in the Quadrumana. No tooth 

 surpasses another in the depth of its crown ; and the entire series, 

 which describes in both jaws a regular parabolic curve, is uninter- 

 rupted by any vacant space (vol. ii.,fig. 182). The most marked 

 distinction between the bimanal dentition and that of the highest 

 Quadrumanals, is the absence of the interval between the upper 

 lateral incisor and the canine, and the comparatively small 

 size of the latter tooth ; but its true character is indicated by the 

 conical form of the crown, which terminates in an obtuse point, is 

 convex outward, and flat or sub-concave within, at the base of 

 which surface there is a feeble prominence. The conical form is 

 best expressed in the Melanian races, especially the Australian, 

 fig. 257, c. The canine is more deeply implanted, and by a stronger 

 fang than the incisors ; but the contrast with the Chimpanzee is 

 sufficiently manifest, as is shown in fig. 256, c. There is no sexual 



257 



Dentition, lower jaw, of male Australian. 



superiority of size either of the canine or any other single tooth 

 in the human subject. 1 



1 In honest argument as to Man's place in Nature, his zoological characters are to 

 be compared with those of the brute that comes nearest to him ; the differences so 

 established should be contrasted with those between such brute, the gorilla, e.g., and 

 the next step in the scale, the chimpanzee, e.g.; and so on, step by step, through the 

 order which Zoology forms of the series of species so gradually differentiated. No 

 doubt a gorilla differs more in its dentition from a lemur, and still more from a mole or 

 a mouse, than it differs from Man. Take another character the hinder or lower limbs, 

 e.g.; contrast the Negro in this respect with the gorilla, and, next, that ape with any 

 other quadrumanal. Much as the aye-aye differs as a whole, from the gorilla, it does 

 resemble it more in such quadrumanal structure than the gorilla resembles Man. 

 Between the two extremes of the four-handed series there is greater organic con- 

 formity in the main ordinal character than exists between the highest ape and the 

 lowest man. Or take the cerebral test. Man's place in the Natural System is to be 

 judged, not by the degree of difference between the brain of an ape and that of a 

 mammal one hundred links removed ; but by the degree of difference between the 

 human brain and that of the brute which comes nearest to him, as contrasted with the 

 degree of difference between the brains of the gorilla and chimpanzee, or between 

 those of any other two conterminous species constituting links in the quaclrumanous 

 chain. The difference between figs. 147 and 148-9 may be greater than between 149 



Y 2 



