MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF MAMMALIA. 3 



and the thigh, by a copious and lax cellular tissue ; and in the 

 female, at the abdominal region, by the mammary glands. The 

 fibres are chiefly longitudinal, but at the lower part of the neck 

 become transverse. The obtuse posterior end of the muscle is at- 

 tached by three or four fasciculi to the dorsal aspect of the caudal 

 diapophyses. The legs and the arms protrude through oblique 

 apertures in this muscular tunic ; some of the anterior fasciculi are 

 inserted by a short tendon into the pectoral ridge of the humerus ; 

 and others, still more anterior, are attached to the cranium, the 

 lower jaw, and lower lip. A strip of fibres, which is cut off at 

 i*, is attached to the os hyoides ; another fasciculus (V) spreads 

 over the cheek-pouch, r, and assists in emptying that receptacle of 

 the food. 



The trapezius, 9, is divided into two muscles ; the posterior por- 

 tion is an oblong slender triangle arising by a broad tendon from 

 the tenth and eleventh vertebrae and ribs, and inserted by a short 

 strong tendon behind the extremity of the spine of the scapula ; the 

 anterior portion arises from the occiput and tendinous raphe con- 

 necting it with its fellow of the opposite side, and is inserted into 

 the spine of the scapula, and into the outer half of the clavicle. 



The latissimus dorsi, a very long and broad muscle, arises from 

 the spines of all the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae and from the 

 eleven posterior ribs ; it is inserted by a broad and strong tendon 

 into the distal half of the ulnar margin of the humerus, and, with 

 part of the ( panniculus,' into the fascia attached to the olecranon 

 and spreading over the fore-arm. At its anterior part this muscle 

 may be separated into a superficial and deep stratum. The r/wm- 

 boideus is a single muscle, but thick and long, inserted into the 

 narrow base of the scapula. 



The splenius capitis is united by an intermediate tendon with 

 the opposite muscle, and is inserted into the mastoid process. 



The biventer cervicis and the complexus are distinct throughout 

 their whole course, which extends from the anterior dorsal and 

 posterior cervical spines to the occiput ; the complexus is the 

 longest and thickest muscle, and divides into an external, shorter, 

 and deeper-seated portion, and an internal, longer and superficial 

 portion. 



The sacrolumbalis arises from the dorsal extremity of the ilium, 

 is attached to the ribs, over which it passes in its course to its 

 insertion into the transverse processes of the four or five posterior 

 cervical vertebrae : it is continued by the f cervicalis ascendens ' to 

 the atlas. 



The longissimus dorsi is a much thicker and narrower muscle, 



B 2 



