XIX.] 



GENERAL CHARACTERS. 



341 



The proximal row (see Fig. 122) always consists of two 

 bones, the astragalus (a], which according to Gegenbaur's 

 view represents the coalesced scaphoid and lunar of the 

 hand, and the caleaneum (c\ The former is placed more 

 to the dorsal side of the foot than the latter, and almost 

 exclusively furnishes the tarsal part of the tibio-tarsal or 



a 



n 



FIG. 122. Bones of a right human foot, show'.ng the epiphyses, J. T tarsus; Af 

 metatarsus ; Ph phalanges : c caleaneum ; a astralagus ; cb cuboid ; n navicular ; 

 fl internal cuneiform ; c 2 middle cuneiform ; c& external cuneiform ; the digits are 

 indicated by Roman numerals, counting from the tibial to the fibular side. 



ankle-joint. It has a rounded anterior or distal projection 

 called the " head." The caleaneum, placed more to the 

 ventral or "plantar' side of the foot, is elongated back- 

 wards to form a more or less prominent tuberosity, the tuber 

 , to which the tendon of the great extensor muscles of 



