xix.] PRIMATES. 313 



tarsal (if it should be so called) and all the phalanges have 

 an epiphysis only at the proximal extremity. This rule is 

 almost universal, the most notable exception being found 

 in the Seals, in which animals (see Fig. 124, p. 347) each 

 of the metatarsals and all the bones of the toes, except 

 the terminal phalanges, have epiphyses at both ends of 

 the shaft. 



Order PRIMATES. In Man (see Fig. 122, p. 341) the foot 

 is broad, and in the ordinary standing position the whole 

 length of the plantar surface (at least its outer edge) rests 

 on the ground, the main axis of the foot being at a right 

 angle with that of the leg. The inner or tibial side of the 

 foot is arched before backwards, each extremity only resting 

 on the ground. 



The tarsus is longer than the metatarsus, and the latter 

 is longer than the digits, but the forms and relations of the 

 tarsal bones are quite characteristic of the general Mam- 

 malian type, and the five digits are present with the complete 

 number of phalanges. The hallux is much stouter than any 

 of the others, sometimes longer and sometimes shorter than 

 the second toe. Its metatarsal is articulated to a nearly flat 

 surface on the internal cuneiform, directed distally, so that 

 it is placed in the same plane as the other toes, and cannot 

 be freely separated from, or opposed to, them. There are 

 no supplementary tarsal bones, and sesamoids are deve- 

 loped under the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the hallux 

 only. The phalanges are much smaller, shorter, and more 

 compressed than are those of the manus. The ungual 

 phalanges are very small, depressed, and somewhat spatulate. 



The principal distinction of the foot of the Sitnima from 

 that of Man is that it is more or less modified into a grasping 

 organ. The tarsal and metatarsal bones and phalanges are 



