72 CAUDAL VERTEBRA. [CHAP. 



developed near the anterior extremity of the tail, and are 

 never found under the posterior rudimentary vertebrae. 



In Man the caudal vertebrae are quite rudimentary ; 

 usually 4 in number, all ankylosed together, and constituting 

 the coccyx, or oscoccygis, of anthropotomy. The first is some- 

 times ankylosed to the sacrum. 



Among the Simiina there are but 4 to 5 caudal vertebrae 

 in the Anthropoid Apes and in the Barbary and Black 

 Macaques, no more than 10 in some Baboons, and as many 

 as 32 in Semnopithecus, and 33 in some of the Spider Mon- 

 keys (A teles). 



In the latter the tail is prehensile, and the vertebrae are 

 broader and altogether more strongly developed than in the 

 weak, pendant, though almost equally long tails of the Old 

 World monkeys. 



Chevron bones are found in all except those species that 

 have the tails quite rudimentary. They are most fully de- 

 veloped in A teles, where the extremities are often bifurcated. 

 They are attached to a pair of projections on the anterior 

 end of the lower surface of the vertebra. 



In the Lemurina, the number of the caudal vertebrae 

 varies from 7 to 29. 



Among the CARNIVORA, the Bears have very short tails, 

 with from 8 to 10 vertebrae, the Seals from 9 to 15 : some 

 of the Lynxes have but 13, but most of the animals of the 

 order have tails of moderate or great length ; the greatest 

 number of vertebrae being found in Paradoxurus, which 

 may have as many as 36. 



Chevron bones are usually not much developed ; they 

 are articulated (sometimes ankylosed) to the front ends of 

 the vertebrae, as in the Primates. 



In the INSECTIVORA, the tail is very variable. It is short 

 and simple in Erinaceus and Centetes, long in Gahopithecus-. 



