194 THE SKULL. [CHAP. 



a shallow alveolar border, bearing no teeth and forming the 

 anterior and lateral boundaries of large anterior palatine 

 foramina. The lacrymals are large, and form a considerable 

 portion of the side of the face in front of the orbit, but the 

 foramen is entirely within the margin. 



The olfactory chamber is larg^. The turbinals are greatly 

 developed ; the upper lamina of the ethmoturbinal or " naso- 

 turbinal " is distinct, and extends over the scroll-like maxillo- 

 turbinal (MT), but does not ankylose with the nasal. 



The orbit is large, nearly circular, with a complete, 

 prominent margin, formed below by the large malar, which 

 extends considerably on the side of the face, and posteriorly 

 sends a process upwards to meet the postorbital process of 

 the frontal, and is continued backwards to join the zygomatic 

 process of the squamosal. 



The palate bones (PI) are of moderate extent; their 

 horizontal plate is deeply notched posteriorly. The pterygoids 

 (Ft) are broad above, but end below in a narrow lamella, 

 with a hamular process projecting backwards. The basi- 

 occipital (BO\ seen from below, is square, with eminences 

 for muscular attachments at each of its four angles. The 

 basisphenoid (BS) is much contracted laterally. The pos- 

 terior clinoid processes are large, and the pituitary fossa 

 deep. 



The squamosal is small, and scarcely appears in the interior 

 of the skull. The glenoid facet is rather extensive, and 

 slightly convex, and there is a postglenoid process and 

 foramen. The tympanic is not ankylosed to the periotic ; it 

 forms a complete tubular external auditory meatus, and a 

 considerable, but simple, bulla, narrowing to a sharp-pointed 

 process anteriorly (Ty). The periotic (Per} is rather small, 

 without any fossa for the flocculus ; its mastoid portion 

 forms a distinct, narrow, rough surface on the outer side of 



