PRODUCTS, ADVENTITIOUS. 



127 



(it may be) a more or less uniform red hue ; 

 and yields on pressure a small quantity of 

 slightly glutinous, thin, yellowish, transparent 

 fluid. The vessels of sarcoma may be pretty 

 equally distributed through its substance, or 

 set in a sort of patch-work. 



These growths are essentially disposed to 

 become encysted. Their cyst, vascular and 

 cellular like themselves, may be fibrous in 

 part, and is formed both of natural cellular 

 tissue condensed, and of exudation-matter 

 solidified. This secondary or pseudo-cyst 

 adheres closely to their surface, and appears 

 continuous with the cellular and thin, or 

 fibrous, thick, and opaquely white, membranous 

 septa of the growth. 



Molecular matter, granules, spherical, oval, 

 and caudate cells, and fibres form the ulti- 

 mate constituents of sarcoma. Its spherical 

 cell seems to us identical with the common 

 inflammatory exudation cell. (See PSEUDO- 

 TISSUES.) The oval cell, of larger size (mea- 

 suring .00073 of an English inch and upwards, 

 according to some estimates by Miiller), is 

 provided with a dark, well defined, but small 

 nucleus : such cells are sometimes enclosed 

 within a mother cell-wall of proportional 

 dimensions, and afford clear evidence of endo- 

 genous procreation. Slightly elongated at 

 opposite ends, as they sometimes are, they 

 eventually pass into the state of caudate or 

 spindle-shaped cell {fig. 93). Such cau- 



Fig. 93. 





Caudate cells from an albuminous sarcoma of the 

 conjunctiva. (After Miiller.} 



date cells are either arranged in linear juxta- 

 position, as above ; or they are scattered 

 loosely through the mass. They are not 

 plainly nucleated, as a general rule ; but 

 acetic acid brings out a parietal nucleus. 

 They seem to pass by an easy transition into 

 fibres ; and eventually these fibres acquire for 

 the greater part the characters of those of cel- 

 lular tissue, but occasionally of fibrous, and 

 yet more rarely (we have seen this) of elastic 

 texture. The molecular and granular matter 

 of sarcoma is probably in part fatty ; but oil- 

 globules are of rare occurrence. 



Sarcoma is mainly composed of albumen ; 

 but (especially when a c\st with thickened 

 processes exists) will yield a small quantity 

 of gelatin by boiling. 



There are probably few sites in which sar- 

 coma does not form. We have seen it in the 

 cellular tissue under the lower jaw; in the 

 substance of both maxillag (whence it has fre- 

 quently been removed with successful results); 

 under the periosteum of the long bones, or 

 (more rarely) in the actual substance of these ; 

 in the mamma ; in the eye ; in connection 

 with fibrous textures, as the dura mater, &c. 



Haemorrhage, calcification, and .suppuration 

 occur in sarcoma ; the latter with great rarity. 

 We have never seen cancer within the area 

 of a sarcoma. 



Condensation and detrusion of surrounding 

 parts are mechanically caused by this growth ; 

 it has no intrinsic tendency to affect those 

 parts otherwise, though inflammatory changes 

 may, from over distention, be induced among 

 them. 



3. CYSTOMA. 



See PSEUDO-TISSUES ; SEROUS. 



4. ANGEIECTOMA. 



Masses of variable size composed of dilated 

 and elongated vessels may be described under 

 the name of angeiectoma (avyttov fKrttvw). 

 They are rare productions, and seem essen- 

 tially produced by dilated hypertrophy of the 

 small vessels, venous or arterial. 



A tumour of this kind has been figured by 

 Dr. Carswell, (Fascic. Melanoma, pi. ii. fig. 2). 

 It was sunk into the substance of the brain, 

 but evidently in connection with the pia- 

 mater. " The bloodvessels of the pia-mater 

 passed into it, and constituted by far the 

 greater part of the tumour. They became 

 tortuous in its substance ; some of them, being 

 nearly a line in diameter, were reflected back- 

 wards at their extremities in the form of irre- 

 gular intertwined bundles, towards which two 

 or three small arteries, coming from the pia- 

 mater, were seen to distribute themselves." 

 Lobstein (Anat. Path. t. i. p. 461) describes 

 a similar mass formed of a venous plexus. In 

 both these cases the veins contained, and were 

 bathed in, melanic liquid. Dr. Warren (On 

 Tumours) figures and describes a case of con- 

 genital tumour composed of greatly dilated 

 and knotty veins seated in the neck. 



There is a species of epulis which appears 

 to be composed of dilated and hypertrophous 

 arteries. Cruveilhier (Anat. Pathol. livrais. 

 33.) describes certain tumours on the surface 

 of the skull, pulsatile, erectile, and the seat 

 of blowing arterial murmur, which had 

 eroded the bone ; there were similar forma- 

 tions in the external soft parts ; they were 

 composed of dilated " arterial capillaries." 

 A man was admitted some years a<;o into 

 Univ. College Hospital (Mus. Model 2854), 

 under Mr. Listen, having a series of pale red, 

 knotty tuberosities, extending from the left 

 orbit to the occiput, pulsatile, erectile, and the 

 seat of blowing murmur at a particular point. 

 Death ensuing, Mr. Marshall examined the 

 larger of the series, and found that it con- 

 sisted in the main of dilated and tortuous 

 arteries, with intervening fibrous tissue and 

 granular fat ; large straight veins existed, 

 ami one or two of these uniting at obtuse 

 angles, passed between (but did not communi- 

 cate with) the arterial branches at the site of 

 the blowing murmur. No true erectile struc- 

 ture was to be seen. 



Tumours of this kind (such are many naevi, 

 nasvi verrucosi, and aneurisms by anastomo- 

 sis), because physiologically erectile, have been 



