274 



HEPTILIA. 



carapax; this gives off a fasciculus to the ciently satisfactory ; but it is not so with the 



atlas, which is the splenius colli. 



long muscles coming from the dorsal or 



So far, even as regards the small mus- lumbar portion of the spine, which are re- 

 cles of the neck, the analogies are suffi- placed by others having a totally contrary 



Fig. 191. 



Myoloyy of the European Tortoise. 



I, temporal muscle; 3, digastricus; 13, mylohyoides; 16, hyomaxillaris ; 21, transverse muscle, 

 embracing the neck ; 40, obliquus abdominis ; 41, transversus abdominis ; 43, attrahens, and 44, retrahens, 

 pelvis ; 53, sphincter cloacae ; 54, dilator cloaca? ; 56, pectoralis major ; 57, serratus magnus ; 60 a and 60 b, del- 

 toides; 62, superscapularis, representing the supraspinatus and infraspinatus of other animals; 65 a and 

 65 c, triceps brachii ; 66 a, 66 b, biceps brachii ; 68, palmaris ; 69, flexor sublimis ; 70, flexoris promndi 

 tendines ultimi; 71, prouator teres; 73, ulnaris internus; 76, radialis externus longus ; 78, supinator 

 longus; 82, extensor proprius cligiti minimi; 83, extensores quinque breves digitorum maims; 84, 

 abductor pollicis ; 87, lumbricales manus externi ; 88, flexores digitorum bi-eves ; 91, iliacus intemus ; 

 94, glutsei pars; 97, triceps femoris abductor; 101, vastus internus; 103, bicipitis cruris pars; 1056, 

 semimembranosis ; 106, sartorius ; 107, gracilis ; 108, extensoris coinmunis digitorum tendo ; 109, tibialis 

 auticus; 111, extensor brevis digitorum; 112, extensor proprius hallucis; 1146, gastrocnemius ; 117, 

 extremi tendines flexores, plantarem inter et soleuni atque flexorem longum digitorum ; 118, flexores 

 breves digitorum pedis ; 122, iuterossii digitorum pedis dorsales. (^4/ter Bojanus.) 



position. Of these, in the land tortoises, and 

 in the fresh-water tortoises, the principal is 

 a thin lamina attached within the carapax to 

 the ribs of the fifth and sixth dorsal vertebrae, 

 and running together with its fellow of the 

 opposite side obliquely forwards, and in the 

 interval between the two lungs, on to the 

 sides of the anterior or horizontal portion of 

 the neck, where it is inserted by fasciculi to 

 the transverse apophyses of the third, fourth, 

 and fifth cervical vertebrae : it terminates by 



a long fasciculus, which is inserted beneath 

 the head to the basilar bone. This muscle 

 draws the neck and head backwards, and to 

 one side ; this is the retrahens capitis of 

 Bojanus. 



A little more forward, and beneath the 

 articulation of the fourth and fifth dorsal 

 vertebrae, there is a similar muscle, which 

 might indeed be regarded as a portion of the 

 preceding, and which goes to be inserted into 

 the side of the sixth cervical vertebra: this 



