276 



REPTILIA. 



Fie. 192. 



Myology of the Tortoise. 



1, temporalis ; 2, pterygoideus ; 3, digastricus maxilla? ; 14, omohyoideus ; 16, hyomaxillaris ; 17, 

 genioglossus ; 18, hyoglossus ; 22, sternomastoideus ; 26, trachelomastoideus ; 27, retrahens capitis 

 collique ; 28, longus colli ; 47, extensor caudie ; 48, flexor caudse lateralis ; 49, flexor caucUe inferior ; 

 58, latissimus dorsi ; 59, subclavius ; 64, subscapularis ; 6oa, 65c, triceps brachii ; 70, flexor prof'undis ; 

 73, ulnaris interims ; 74, ulnaris externus ; 76, radialis externus longus ; 78, supinator longus ; 79, 

 supinator brevis ; 83, extensores quinque breves digitorum manus ; 85, abductor digit! minimi ; 88, flexores 

 breves digitorum quatuor ; 91, iliaeus interims ; 94, glutreus ; 97, triceps abductor femoris ; 98, pectineus ; 

 100, vastus externus; 101, vastus internus; 102, crureus ; 103, biceps cruris ; 104, semitendinosus ; 108, 

 extensoris communis digitorum pedis pars; 111, extensoris brevis digitorum pars; 112, extensoris proprii 

 hallucis pars; 116, soleus ; 117, flexor longus digitorum pedis; 119, tibialis posticus ; 120, iiiterosseus 

 cruris ; 123, interossei digitorum pedis plantares. 



runs to the external border of the coracoicl 

 bone. From these insertions it cannot but 

 be regarded as the serratus anticus (costo 

 coracoidien) (fig. 191.57). 



2d. The elevator of the scapula is inserted 

 at the middle internal portion of the scapula, 

 and derives its origin by seven fleshy slips 

 from the transverse apophyses of the seven 

 last vertebrae of the neck. 



3d. Another small elongated muscle is at- 

 tached beneath the carapax, near the sternal 

 extremity of the first rib, and is inserted upon 

 the dorsal extremity of the first bone of the 

 shoulder : this is probably all that remains 

 of the serratus magnus, for it must not be 

 forgotten that here the muscles, as well as 

 the bones, are in an inverse position. The 

 above description is taken from the turtle ; 

 in the land-tortoises the second muscle is 

 very strong, and occupies all the length of the 



border of the scapula. Bojanus considers it 

 as representing the Scalenus. 



4th. There is a thin muscle met with in 

 the fresh-water tortoises, of which Bojanus 

 makes no mention ; this is inserted upon the 

 anterior margin of the acromion ; it runs 

 along the side of the neck, but without any 

 attachment to the bones ; it is lost in the 

 general aponeurosis. If this be not regarded 

 as a platysma, it can only represent the tra- 

 pezius. In the emydes, vestiges of a dorsal 

 cutaneous muscle are inserted into the apo- 

 neurosis of the subscapularis. 



Muscles of the Am. In order to under- 

 stand the arrangement of the muscles of the 

 shoulder and arm in the Chelonian reptiles, 

 it is necessary to bear in mind that their 

 scapula is styliform, that the acromion ami 

 the coracoicl are singularly elongated, and 

 that the entire scapula with the humerus are 



