422 



SALIVARY GLANDS. 



2-6 



1-9 



Mucus, with trace of ptyalin 



Lactates - f potash ~| 



Hydrochlorates - ! soda 



Phosphates - [lime J 



An excessive sweetness of the saliva has 

 been observed in some cases of phthisis. It 

 was an indication to which some importance 

 was attached by the late Dr. Cholmeley, of 

 Guy's Hospital. 



BILIOUS SALIVA. 



Water 



Ptyalin 



Fatty matter and fatty acid - 



Biliary matter 



Cholesterine 



Albuminate of soda 



Mucus 



Carbonates - f potash 



Hydrochlorates - { soda 



Phosphates I lime 



- f~ potash ") 

 ; - 1 soda 



- [ lime 



986-7 

 0-5 

 1-3 

 3-2 

 0-4 

 1-9 

 1-6 



2'3 



GELATINOUS SALIVA. 



Dr. Wright considers this variety of saliva 

 was known to Baglivi. He describes it as 

 imperfectly transparent, dingy-looking, viscid, 

 and tremulous when cold. It decomposes 

 readily, and is above the natural specific gra- 

 vity, being 1009 to 1010. It has a mawkish 

 taste and greasy odour, giving no odour of 

 ptyalin when heated. It contains that prin- 

 ciple, as well as sulphocyanogen, however, 

 though in smaller proportion than healthy 

 saliva. 



Gelatinous saliva is neutral, or faintly acid ; 

 absorbing oxygen sparingly, and possessing 

 but little digestive power. Dr. Wright con- 

 siders it indicative of a depraved and debili- 

 tated state of system. He saw one instance in 

 a case of scurvy, and another in a case of 

 carcinoma uteri. The analysis is as follows : 



Water 987'2 



Ptyalin - '6 



Fatty acid "8 



Gelatine - - 3'6 

 Albumen and soda - I' 3 



Sulphocyanogen - a trace 

 Mucus - - - - 2'5 

 Lactates - f potash "j 

 Hydrochlorates - -I soda V - 1'7 

 Phosphates - [ lime J 

 Loss 2-3 



MILKY SALIVA. 



This kind of saliva has been noticed by 

 several authors. A case is related by Nuck 

 in which, during four months, milky saliva was 

 secreted by a woman who became gravid dur- 

 ing lactation. When the flow of milky saliva 

 commenced, an intumescence of the breast 

 was observed to decline. Richard, speaking 

 of milk fever (Ann. Clin. de Montpellier), says 

 the malady occasionally terminates favourably 

 by the occurrence of a salivation consisting 

 of milky saliva. Other authors also have 

 noticed the occurrence of milky saliva, in 

 connection with a suppressed flow of milk from 

 the mammary gland. 



Dr. Wright describes milky saliva as white, 



completely opaque, neutral to test paper, and 

 rendered curdy by acetic acid. 



URINARY SALIVA. 



This variety of saliva has been described 

 by Dr. Prout. The salivation occurred spon- 

 taneously. The patient suffered anorexia, 

 and was weak, but otherwise healthy. The 

 renal secretion was diminished, and the saliva 

 had a urinous taste. It was opalescent, 

 foamed when agitated, and was slightly ropy. 

 Its specific gravity was 1005. It restored the 

 blue colour to reddened litmus paper. The 

 soluble salts of lead, mercury, and silver, 

 caused precipitates when added to it, as did 

 also the mineral acids. Dilute acetic acid 

 caused a precipitate, but no further precipitate 

 could be obtained by subsequent addition of a 

 solution of ferrocyanide of potassium. There- 

 fore no albumen was present. 1000 grains of 

 this saliva, when evaporated to dryness at a 

 temperature between 212 and 300, left 8'65 

 grains, which were composed as follows : 



Animal matter peculiar to saliva - 3'33 

 Alcoholic extract, apparently \ 



similar to that from the blood J 

 Sulphuric acid ... 

 Hydrochloric acid 

 Phosphoric acid - 

 Alkali partly potash and partly 1 



soda - -J 



1-06 



0-90 

 0-75 

 0-06 



2-55 



8-65 



In this case, when the urinary secretion 

 was restored by the use of diuretics, the sa- 

 livary discharge was proportionally diminished. 



(G. Owen Rees.) 



THE SALIVARY GLANDS (Les 

 Glandes Sa/ivaires, Fr. : Die Spcichcl-Drusen, 

 Germ. ; Le Glandule Saliva/i, Ital.), A 

 series of conglomerate glands, arranged in a 

 curved manner, and following the circumfe- 

 rence of the inferior maxilla from the posterior 

 border of one side to that of the other, and 

 pouring their secretion into the mouth by 

 means of excretory ducts, are thus denomi- 

 nated. They present a distinctly lobulated 

 granular appearance, the component lobes and 

 lobules being more or less loosely connected 

 together by areolar tissue derived from the 

 surface, and which, though serving the pur- 

 pose of an investing membrane, is not of a 

 sufficiently definite character to constitute a 

 distinct capsule. They have a yellowish or 

 greyish-red appearance, and are thus at once 

 distinguished from the soft structures with 

 which they are in immediate connection, 

 namely, the cellular membrane and the lym- 

 phatic glands, the former being perfectly white, 

 and the latter pale brown. 



They are three in number on either side, 

 and are named from above downwards the 

 Parotid, Submaxillary, and Sublingual, and 

 have in the same direction a relation as to 

 their size, the parotid having the largest, the 

 Sublingual the smallest, and the submaxillary 

 an intermediate volume. Though usually se- 

 parated from each other by a slight interval, 



