210 



QUADRUMANA. 



Old World is separated into two lobes, united 

 by vessels. This may be a transition to the 

 cotyledons of the placenta in most of the 

 Mammalia. 



The Second Group of Simia; comprehends 

 those of the New World, or Ceb'ma; (Siniiee 

 platyrrhintB G. S. HIL), possessing a distinct 

 character in the existence of four additional 

 molar teeth, by which the general number of 

 teeth is thirty-six. Their head is distinguished 

 by a more rounded form, by nostrils situated 

 laterally on a large nose. A long, and in 

 some species a prehensile tail ; the want of 

 cheek-pouches and of callosities on the but- 

 tocks ; a smaller and less robust body, and a 

 less malicious but more melancholy character, 

 give a very conspicuous and distinguished 

 physiognomy to this group. 



2. CEDING. Monkeys of the New World. 



4 



The number of teeth is : incisors, ; canines, 



4 



11 66 _ o 



; molars, ob. 



11 66 



They ought to be divided into two great 

 divisions, of which the first comprehends those 

 in which the tail is prehensile, viz., capable 

 of grasping branches, so as to perform the 

 office of a fifth extremity. It is naked at its 

 extremity in some species. 



a. Cebinee, with a prehensile tail, naked at its 

 extremity. 



1. First Genus. Myceles. Alouatte. Singe 

 kurletir,Fr. Howler,Eng\. Srul-aap,Dutch. 



Pyramidal head, with an elevated inferior 

 jaw, whose branches are very distant, to give 

 room for a peculiar inflation of the basis of 

 the hyoid bone, which communicates with the 

 larynx, and seems to produce the loud and 

 frightful bowlings. By this the anterior sur- 

 face of the neck is swollen up, which, added 

 to their long beard, gives these animals 

 a hideous appearance. The teeth have the 

 general disposition proper to the Ccbincc, but 

 the canini are very strong, and therefore the 

 space in the upper jaw between the external 

 incisor and canine tooth is large for the 

 reception of the canine tooth of the lower 

 jaw. The Mycetes are drowsy and lazy in 

 captivity. In their native woods they live in 

 troops, and climb the trees with much agility. 



Spec. M. seniculus, M.fuscits, M. niger. 



2. Second Genus. Ateles. Sapctjou ordinaire. 



Rounded head, with a slightly prominent 

 muzzle. The thumb imperfect, but visible in 

 some, not visible in others. The clitoris so 

 much developed, that it has quite the appear- 

 ance of a penis, with a channel at its interior 

 surface. Those, who possess a visible thumb, 

 have been considered by SPIX as forming a 

 distinct genus, under the name Brackytele, 

 but I think it not necessary to introduce this 



Quadrumanes, Mem. de 1'Acad. des Sciences, s. xix. 

 Paris, 1845. 



division. The species of the genus AteJcs 

 represent in America the Semnopithcci of Asia, 

 and the Colobi of Africa. They have the 

 same slowness of movement, and the same 

 gravity and gentleness of manners. Their 

 progressive motion upon a level surface is very 

 uneasy and unsteady, while they are forced to 

 sustain themselves upon the internal edges of 

 their fore-hands and the external of their 

 hinder-hands. But they climb with much 

 agility, aiding themselves with the prehensile 

 tail, which acts as a fifth extremity. Their 

 teeth resemble those of the genus Mycetes, 

 but the canine are not so strong, and the 

 molar teeth rounder. They all inhabit Guiana 

 and Brazil. 



Spec.- Ateles pent adactylus, A. hypoxanthus, 

 A. jwniscus, A. arachnoides, A. fiiliginoszis, A. 

 marginatus. 



3. Third Genus. Lagothrix GEOFFR. Caparo. 



Rounded head, as in the genus Ateles ; a 

 thumb, as in Mycetes, and the tail naked at 

 its extremity, as in both. This genus is only 

 to be found in South America, and chiefly in 

 Brazil. The hyoid bone is not very large. 



Spec. Lagothrix Humboldtii, L. canus. 



b. Ccbince, with a prehensile tail covered with 

 hair at its extremity. 



4. Fourth Genus. Cebus. Sajou. Singe 

 pleureur, French. Capucyn-Aap, Dutch. 



Rounded head and oval face, with a gentle 

 expression. Tail thicker than in the genus 

 Mycetes and Ateles, and less prehensile, curled 

 at its extremity, longer than the body. Teeth 

 not so strong as in these, especially the canine. 

 The Ccbi feed upon fruits. Their movements 

 are graceful and gay. Their manners a mix- 

 ture of sweetness, cleverness, agility, and lu- 

 bricity. Their voice is a gentle whistle. The 

 determination of the species has caused great 

 confusion. RKNGGER is of opinion, that some 

 of them are merely modifications by age of 

 the same species. They inhabit principally 

 Guiana. 



Spec. Cebus apclln, C.fatucJIus, C.robustns, 

 C. xantho-sternos, C. capucinus, C. hypuleucits, 

 C. albifrons. 



5. Fifth Genus. Callithrix. Sago nine, Fr. 



Slender tail ; teeth not prominent, and short 

 canine.* The head more elevated than in 

 Cebus and Pithecia, but smaller, with less pro- 

 minent zygomatic arches and higher branches 

 in the lower jaws. Consequently there is 

 more room for the reception of a more com- 

 plicated larynx. Their voice is heavier, and 

 not so whistling as in the Ccbi and Pithecice. 



Callithrix personata, C. amicta, C. cuprea, 

 C. mclanochir. 



One species C. sciurca, or saimiri, ought 

 to be separated from the rest. WAGNER makes 



* In his book des Dents des Mammiferes consider es 

 comme Caracteres Zoologiques, F. Cuvier gives the 

 teeth of this genus as type for the Saki's by a mis- 

 take, which he corrected in art. Saki nolr, Hist. 

 Nat. d. Mammif. t. iv. edit, in folio. 



