130 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 



still more complete. The result of this fusion is the 

 formation of a median piece, which is incompletely 

 divided into two, forming the mentum (m), and 

 snbmentiini ; these, with the anteriorly lying 



* cct 



Fig. 60. Mouth-parts of the Cockroach. 



m, Menturu ; sm, syibmentum ; li, ligula ; pg, paraglossa ; pp, palp of second 

 maxilla ; md, mandibles ; ca, cardo ; st, stipes ; ga, galea ; la, lacmia ; p, palp. 



ligiila (li) and paraglossa (pg), make up the part 

 which by entomologists is most unfortunately spoken 

 of as the lower lip or lafoium; unfortunately, be- 

 cause it is formed from the modification of the 

 proximal parts of an appendage, and is not strictly 

 comparable to the labrum or upper lip, which is a 

 part of the exo-skeleton of the head. The palp (pp) 

 of the second pair of maxillae is smaller than that of 

 the first. 



