1016 



ANALYTICAL INDEX, 



Life (continued). 



Dr. Front's definition, 146 



III. Nature and causes of vital action, 1-46 



all changes the results of the properties of matter 

 called into exercise by appropriate stimuli, 140 



functions groups of vital phenomena, 146 



dependence of vital actions upon external sti- 

 muli, 147 



every class of organs is excited to action by its 

 particular stimuli, 147 



conditions of a more general nature requisite for 

 the performance of vital actions, as heat, light, 

 and electricity, 147 



analogy of vital phenomena to those of the 

 universe at large, 147 



illustration the earth, solar system, and uni- 

 verse, 147 



illustration the steam-engine, 148 



conclusion vital actions the properties of organs 

 called into action by appropriate stimuli, 148 



IV. The connection between vitality and organiza- 



tion, !48 



probability that the properties which give rise to 

 vital action exist in all forms of matter or at 

 least in all of those forms of it capable of be- 

 coming organized, 148 



total change effected in the properties of certain 

 forms of matter by their entrance into new 

 combinations due to the act of combination, 

 as analogous to vital properties being due to 

 the act of organization, 149 



no property distinct from the matter which ex- 

 hibits it, or capable of being superadded 10 it or 

 abstracted from it, analogy of the magnetic 

 properties of iron to vitality considered, 149 



evidence of vitality being due to the properties of 

 matter in the condition of organized tissues, to 

 be found in the vital actions themselves, 149 



the assertion that the existence of organization 

 implies a previous existence of life, considered, 

 150 



many actions performed by living beings common 

 to them and inorganic matter, 150 



preparation of materials for organization, 150 



V. Changes in composition, 151 



formation of proximate principles, 151 



grounds for the assumption of a distinct set of 



vital affinities, 151 



reasons lor believing that the compounds with 

 which organic chemistry supplies us have a si- 

 milar constitution to that of inorganic com- 

 pounds, 152 



the arguments in favour of vital affinity drawn 

 from the spontaneous decomposition of organic 

 matter, considered, 152 

 organic matter, considered, 152 



presumed impossibility of artificially pro- 

 ducing organic compounds or proximate 

 principles, considered, 153 

 artificial and natural conversion of 



starch, and lignin into sugar, 153 

 catalytic action, 153 



evolution of electricity during the ordinary 

 processes of growth of plants and animals, 

 154 



inability of chemists to produce organic com- 

 pounds probably due to their want of ac- 

 quaintance with the form or condition in 

 which their components must be brought 

 together in order to enter into the desired 

 union, 154 



conclusions deduced from the foregoing para- 

 graphs of the chapter, 154 



VI. Vitality in a dormant or inactive condition, 154 

 dormant vitality of seeds, eggs, &c. 155 



length of time during which the dormant 



vitality may be preserved, 155 

 dormant vitality of seeds, 155 

 dormant vitality of eggs, 156 

 agents which destroy the vitality of seeds and 

 eggs such as are calculated to produce im- 

 portant changes in their structure and com- 

 position, 156 



dormant vitality of plants and animals that 

 have attained beyond the embryo condition, 

 156 



preservation of dormant vitality due to the main- 

 tenance of normal constitution, 157 

 suspension of vital action under oihci circum- 

 stances, 157 



hybernation of plants, 157 

 hibernation of animals, !57 

 animals enclosed in rocks and trees, 158 

 syncope, 158 

 suspension of vital action in parts of the human 



body, 159 



opinion of Dr. Daubeny, 159 

 Liver (Normal Anatomy), ICO 

 situation, IGo 

 form, 160 

 position, 160 

 relations, 160 

 ligaments, 160 



Liver (continued) . 

 fissures, \6l 

 lobes, 162 

 coverings, 162 

 color, 162 

 dimensions, 163 

 chemical analysis of human liver, 163 



of bullock's liver, 163 

 varieties in form, 163 

 varieties of position, 163 

 gall bladder, 164 

 relations, 164 

 coats, 164 

 excretory ducts of gall bladder and liver, 164 



coats, 164 



varieties in the gall bladder, 164 

 structure of the liver, 164 



the terms lobule and acinus as used by Malpighi, 



M (tiler, and Kiernan, 165 

 Glisson's capsule, 166 

 vaginal portion, 167 

 interlobular portion, 167 

 lobular portion, 167 

 portal vein, 167 



vaginal branches and vaginal plexus, 167 



interlobular veins, 168 



lobular veins, 168 



abdominal and hepatic origins of the portal vein, 



168 

 hepatic duct, 169 



vaginal ducts and vaginal plexus, 169 



interlobular ducts, 169 



lobular ducts and lobular plexus, 169 



termination of the biliary ducts, 170 



vascularity of the biliary ducts, 170 



mucous membrane and follicles of the biliary 



ducts, 171 

 hepatic artery, 171 



vaginal arteries, 171 

 intralobular arteries, 171 

 lobular arteries, 171 

 distribution, 171 

 hepatic veins, 172 



interlobular veins, 173 

 sublobular veins, 173 

 hepatic trunks, 173 

 lymphatics, 173 

 nerves, \n 

 progressive development of the liver in the animal 



series, 174 



liver in Invertebrata, 174 

 in Vertebrata, 175 



comparative anatomy of the gall bladdei, 176 

 bile secreted from arterial blood in Inverttbrata, 

 formation of portal vein in the various Vertebrate 

 classes, anastomoses of portal and caval veins, 176 

 hepatic veins of diving animals, 176 

 development of the liver in the embryo, 177 

 in the Fowl, 177 

 in the human subject, 177 

 uses of the liver, 178 

 secretion of bile, 178 



anomalous opening of the portal vein into the 



venacava, 178 

 quantity of the bile, 180 

 expulsion of the bile, 180 

 uses of the bile, 181 



red and yellow substances of Ferrein, 181 

 researches of M. Dujardin, 182 

 Liver (Pathological Anatomy), 182 



diseases ot the serous membrane, 182 

 acute inflammation, 182 

 chronic inflammation, 183 

 depositions in the subserous tissue, 183 

 diseases of the mucous membrane, 183 

 disorders of the venous circulation, 183 

 general congestion, 184 

 hepatic venous congestion, 184 

 portal venous congestion, 184 

 errors of M tiller and Cruveilhier, with regard to 



the structure of the liver, 185-6 

 disorders of the biliary excielion, 137 

 biliary congestion, 187 

 effects of obstruction of the gall ducts, IH7 

 diseases of the parenchyma, 187 

 inflammation, 188 

 hypertrophy, 188 

 atrophy, 138 



cirrhosis, 188 

 softening, 189 

 induration, 190 

 fatty degeneration, 190 

 abscess, 190 

 tubercle, 192 

 scirrhus, 192 

 medullary sarcoma, 193 

 seat of origin of carcinoma, 194. 

 fungus hzmatodes, 194 

 nielanosis, 1Q4 

 disorders of function, 194 



suppression of secretion of bile, 194 

 alterations in the physical properties of the 

 bile, 195 



