242 



MAMMALIA. 



/3. Galeopitheci, with the fingers and toes of 

 the same length. GALEOPITHECUS. 



2. Insectivora, without lateral membranous 

 expansions ; molars cuspidated. 



. With two long anterior incisors, the rest 

 short, the laniaries small. ERINACEUS, &c. 



@. With the incisors small, the laniaries 

 large. CENTETES, &c. 



3. Carnivora, incisors six in each jaw ; mo- 

 lars, some of them sectorial or trenchant. 



fig. 69. 



Dentition of Bear. 



a, Incisors j b, laniary j c, false molars ; d r secto- 

 rial molar or caroassial ; e, tuberculate or true mo- 

 lars. 



a. Plantigrada. URSUS, &c. 



@. Digitigrada. CANIS, FELIS, &c. 



y. Pinnigrada. PHOCA, &c. 



Fig. 70. 



Hind extremities, Seal. 



IV. MARSUPIALIA. 



1. Incisors small ; laniaries long ; posterior 

 molars cuspidated. DIDELPHIS, &c. 



2. Lower incisors two, long ; upper ones six. 

 Upper laniaries long and pointed ; lower ones 

 small. PHALANGISTA, &c. 



3. Lower laniaries wanting ; no thumb on 

 the hind feet. HYPSIPRYMNUS. 



4. No laniaries. MACROPUS. 



5. Lower incisors two, no laniaries : upper 

 incisors six; two small laniaries. PHASCOL- 

 ARCTOS. 



6. Two long incisors in each jaw ; no lania- 

 ries. PHASCOLOMYS. 



Sect . b. Without laniaries ; two large incisors 

 distant from the molaries. 



V. RODENTIA. 

 1. With clavicles. 



a. Sciuridse, anterior digits four, posterior 

 five ; tail cylindrical and bushy. 



/?. Muridse, tail cylindrical, not bushy. 

 y. Pedetidae, anterior digits five, posterior 

 four. 



five. 

 e. 

 2. 

 a. 



Spalacidae, anterior digits five, posterior 



Castoridse, tail flat and scaly, 

 With imperfect clavicles, or none. 

 Hystricidffi, body covered with spines. 

 |3. Leporidae, two small incisors behind the 

 two superior large ones. 



y. Caviadse, no character in common. 

 Sect. c. Without incisor teeth. 



VI. EDENTATA. 



1 . Tardigrada ; with a short muzzle. BRA- 

 DYPUS, &c. 



2. Typical Edentata ; with an elongated 

 muzzle. DASYPUS, &c. 



3. Monotremata ; with marsupial bones and 

 a cloaca. ORNITHORIIYNCHUS, &c. 



B. Ungulata. 



a. Not Ruminants. 



VII. PACHYDERMATA. 



1. Proboscidea ; with a proboscis: incisors 

 projecting; feet pentadactyle. ELEPHAS, &c. 



2. Typical Pachydermata ; feet tetra-, tri-, 

 or di-dactyle. HIPPOPOTAMUS, &c. 



3. Solipeda; feet monodactyle. EQUUS,&C. 



b. Ruminants. 



VIII. RUMINANTIA. 



1. Without antlers or horns. CAMELUS, &c. 



2. With antlers. CERVUS, &c. 



3. With horns. ANTILOPE, &c. 



C. Mutica. 

 IX. CETACEA. 



1. Herbivora; teeth fitted for mastication. 

 MANATUS, &c. 



2. Typical Cetacea ; teeth unfitted for mas- 

 tication, or wanting. DELPHINUS, &c. 



The ideas that have been broached respecting 

 the affinities and classification of the Mammalia 

 after Cuvier, and which are most remarkable 

 for their novelty and boldness, are those which 

 have emanated from the naturalists of the Eng- 

 lish Quinary school. The founder and the 

 most talented of this sect Mr. W. S. Macleay 

 thus enunciates his views of the analogies ob- 

 servable between the principal groups of Mam- 

 malia, and those into which the class of birds is 

 resolvable. " Every Mammiferous animal," 

 he says, " may be reduced to these five orders ; 

 that is, may be assimilated, in a greater or less 

 degree, to one or other of the following typical 

 forms; viz. Man, the Lion, the Horse, the Whale, 

 and the Mouse. I shall show hereafter how 

 these five orders form a continued series return- 

 ing into itself, so as to be a natural group. In 

 the mean time, I must recall to the attention of 

 the reader the orders of Birds as defined and ar- 

 ranged by Mr. Vigors ; and to which definitions 

 and arrangement I have just applied so severe 

 a test, only to corroborate their accuracy, and 

 to make them display additional harmony. 



" When we have heard the Parrot or Main- 

 ate speaking; when we have witnessed the 

 former feeding itself as it were with a hand ; 

 when, in short, we have reflected on the remark- 

 able intelligence and development of brain 

 throughout the whole order of Insessores, to 

 which both birds belong, there has been no 

 one, perhaps, dull enough not to compare them 

 to Primates. ... I allow, indeed, that it is diffi- 



