1014 



ANALYTICAL INDEX. 



Knee-juint (continued). 

 fractures, 67 



transverse fracture of the femur immediately 



above the condyles, 67 



oblique fracture of the lower end of the femur, 67 

 into the knee-joint, 68 



by detachment of the outer condyle, 68 

 by detachmentof the inner condyle, 68 

 T fracture, 68 



fractures of the tibia near the knee, 69 

 transverse, 69 

 oblique into the joint, 69 

 fracture of the patella, 69 

 dislocations, 71 



of the femur from the tibia, 71 

 of the femur backwards, 71 

 of the femur forwards, 72 

 lateral dislocations of the knee, 72 

 of the femur inwards, 72 

 of the femur outwards, 72 

 dislocations of the patella, 73 

 outwards, 73 

 inwards, 73 



incomplete luxation of the patella, 73 

 dislocation of the patella on its edge, 74 

 internal derangement of the knee, 75 

 sprains, 76 

 a small fragment of the tibia (the insertion of the 



crucial ligament) torn up, 77 

 rupture of the quadriceps extensor tendon from its 



insertion into the patella, 77 

 rupture of the ligamentum patellae, 78 

 Lachrymal Organs (all the accessory or protecting parts of 

 the eye except the orbit and muscles), 78 



1. The eyelids, 78 



general description, 73 

 rima palpebrarum, 79 

 movements of the eyelids, 79 



winking, 79 

 Meibomian follicles, 79 

 adaptation of the eyelids, 79 

 canthi, 79 



secondary fissure of inner canthus, 79 

 lachrymal papilla and puncture, 80 

 lacus lachrymalis, 80 

 lachrymal caruncle, 80 

 plica semilunaris, 80 

 eyelashes, 80 

 skin of the eyelids, 80 

 eyebrows, 80 



action of the eyelids in concert with the iris, 80 

 internal structure of the eyelids, 81 

 tarsal ligaments, 81 

 tarsal cartilages, 81 



fibrous condition of the lower tarsal carti- 

 lage in man, and of both in the lower 

 mammalia, 81 

 Meibomian follicles lie in the substance of 



the tarsal cartilage, 81 

 external palpebral ligament, 81 

 internal palpebral ligament, 81 

 orbicularis palpebrarum, 81 

 levator palpebrae superioris, 82 

 palpebral conjunctiva, 82 

 skin of the eyelids, 82 

 cellular tissue of the eyelids, 82 

 roots of the eyelashes, 82 

 sebaceous follicles, 82 

 Meibomian glands, 82 



^^^^HH comparative anatomy of, 83 

 secretion of, 83 

 hordeolum, 83 



2. Conjunctiva in general, 83 



oculo-palpebral space of the conjunctiva, 83 

 superior and inferior palpebral sinuses of the con- 

 junctiva, 84 



folds of the conjunctiva, 84 

 lachrymal caruncle, 84 

 plica semilunaris, 84 

 membrana nictitans, 85 

 palpebral conjunctiva, 85 

 ocular, 85 

 subconjunctival cellular tissue, morbid condition 



of, 85 



nature of the conjunctiva, 85 



continuity with other parts of the mucous mem- 

 brane, 85 



lachrymal and conjunctiva! secretion, 85 

 intimate structure of palpebral conjunctiva, ?5 



papillary body, 85 



epithelium, 87 

 intimate structure of sclerotic conjunctiva, 86 



papillae? 86 



epithelium, 87 

 conjuuctival covering of the cornea, 87 



3. Lachrymal organs properly so called, 88 



lachrymal gland, 88 



intimate structure, 89 



excretory ducts, 89 

 tears, 90 



chemical composition, 90 

 derivative lachrymal organs, yO 



lachrymal groove, 90 



Lachrymal Organs (continued). 



osseous canal for the lachrymal duct, 90 

 lachrymal papilla, points and canjlicules, 91 

 lachrymal sac, 91 

 nasal duct, 92 

 structure, 92 

 plica and villi, 92 

 secretion, 92 



lachrymal muscle (tensor tarsi), 92 

 origin, 92 

 relations, 92 

 action, 93 

 nerves, 93 



fifth nerve, 93 



frontal division, 93 



inferior pal ptbral, 93 

 seventh nerve, 93 

 third pair, 93 

 bloodvessels, 93 

 arteries, 93 



distribution of vessels to the conjunctiva, 93 

 Comparative anatomy and development, 94 



I. Eyelids, 94 



in Man, 95 

 in Birds, 95 

 in C'helonia, 95 

 in Lizards, 95 

 in Fishes, 95 

 in Cephalopoda, 95 

 eyebrows and eyelashes, 95 



in Mammalia, 95 

 in Birds, 95 



flocculent gro\vth of the uvea in the horse, 

 &c. 95 



II. The conjunctiva, semilunar fold, membrana 



nictitans or third eyelid, lachrymal ca- 

 runcle and glandule of Harder, 96 

 oculo-palpebral space, 96 



in serpents, 96 

 membrana nictitans, 96 

 cartilage of the membrana nictitans, 97 

 muscles, 97 



third eyelid of Birds, 97 

 muscles, 97 



quadratus, 97 

 pyramidalis, 97 



action, 97 



in the Owl and Parrot, 97 

 in Chelonia and in the Frog, 97 

 glandule of Harder, 98 



in Mammalia, 98 

 in Birds, 98 

 in Reptiles, 98 

 secretion, 98 



III. Secreting and derivative lachrymal appa- 



ratus, 98 



in Mammalia, 98 

 in Birds, 98 

 in Reptiles, 98 



Sauria and Chelonia, 98 

 Ophidia, 98 

 lachrymal bone, 99 



infra-orbital glandular sacs of ruminants, 99 

 development of the accessory parts of the eye, 99 

 eyelids, 99 

 tarsal cartilages, 99 

 lachrymal gland, 99 

 inner canthus, 99 

 lachrymal caruncle, 99 

 Larynx, 100 



general description, 100 

 cartilages, 100 

 cricoid, 101 

 thyroid, 101 

 arytenoid, 102 

 cornicula laryngis, 102 

 cuneiform ca'rtilages, 103 

 epiglottis, 103 



articulations and ligaments, 103 

 extrinsic articulations, 103 



hyo-thyroid articulation, 103 



ligamentum thyro-hyoideum medium, 101 

 ligamenta hyo-thyroidea lateralia, 10J 

 ligaments of the epiglottis, 104 



ligamentum thyro-epiglottideum, 104 

 ligamentum hyo-epiglottideum, HH 

 ligamentum glosso-epiglottidcum, lot 

 tracheo-cricoidean articulation, 104 

 intrinsic articulations, 104 



crico-thyroid articulation, 104 

 crico-thyroid ligament, 104 

 lateral crico-thyroid ligament, 105 

 crico-arytenoid articulation, 105 

 thyro-arytenoid ligaments or chords; vocalcs, 105 

 inferior, 105 

 superior, 105 

 muscles, 105 



extrinsic, 105 

 intrinsic, 105 



crico-thyroidci, 105 



action, lofi 



crico-arytenoidei Inlcralr?, 107 

 arytenoiilei, 107 



