ANALYTICAL INDEX. 



1025 



(Esophagus (continued) . 



abnormal anatomy, 760 

 congenital malformation, 760 

 acquired malformation, 760 

 structural changes, 761 

 stricture, 761 

 morbid growths, 761 

 Olfactory Nerves, see A'ose and Smell. 

 Optic A'erces, 762 



descriptive anatomy, 762 

 apparent origin, 762 

 tractus opticus, 762 

 chiasma, 762 

 optic nerve proper, 762 

 first stage, 762 

 second stage, 762 



communication with other nerves, 763 

 organization, 763 

 real origin, 763 



evidence derived from comparative anatomy, 764 

 Fish, 764 

 Reptiles, 764 

 Birds, 764 

 in Man the optic nerves derive some roots from the 



tubercula quadrigemina, 765 



the tubercula quadrigemina probably fulfil other 

 purposes besides that of affording origin to the 

 optic nerves, 766 

 the human optic nerve probably derives roots 



from Ihe optic thalamus, 766 

 corpora geniculata: their relation to the optic 



nerves, 768 



tubercinereum : its relation to the optic nerves, 76s 

 of the chiasma of the optic nerves, 768 

 in Invertebrata, 769 

 osseous Fish, 769 

 cartilaginous Fish, 769 

 Birds, 769 



Amphibia and Reptiles, 769 

 Mammalia and Man, 769 

 use of the chiasma, 771 



some remarkable varieties of optic nerves, 774 

 optic nerves in certain Cephalopods, 774 

 optic nerves of the compound eyes of Insects, 775 

 plaited optic nerves, 776 

 optic nerves in cyclops monsters, 777 

 general developement of the optic nerves in the higher 



classes of animals, 777 

 functions of the optic nerves, 773 



the optic nerves when present are essential to 



vision, 778 



in those animals which possess special optic 

 nerves the fifth pair are totally inadequate to 

 support vision, 778 

 absence of proof that the fifth pair is absolutely 



essential to sight, 778 

 ordinary tactile sensibility, 780 

 effects of stimulants, 780 

 excito-motory properties, 781 

 radiated or sympathetic sensations, 782 

 Orbit, 782 

 bones, 782 



dissection of the orbit, 783 

 periosteum, 783 

 lachrymal gland, 784 



fourth nerve, frontal and lachrymal nerves, 784 

 levalor palpebre superioris, 734 

 rectus superior, 784 

 obliquus superior, 785 

 third nerve, nasal nerve, 785 

 lenticular ganglion, 785 

 optic nerve, 785 

 ophthalmic artery, 785 



lachrymal artery, central artery of the retina, 

 supra-orbital, ciliary arteries, muscular 

 branches, ethtnoidal, palpebral, nasal arteries 

 and frontal arteries, 786 

 ophthalmic vein, 786 

 f ixth nerve, inferior division of the third nerve, 



787 



external, internal, and inferior recti muscles, 787 

 inferior oblique, 787 



orbital portion of the superior maxillary nerve, 

 temporal branch, malar branch, tunica vagina- 

 lisof Mr. O'Ferrall, 788 

 action of the muscles, 788 

 levator palpebrae, 788 

 recti, 788 

 obliqui, 789 



consensual movements of the two eyes, 791 

 adaptation of the eye to distances, 792 

 Organic Analysis, 792 



I. Proximate analysis, 793 

 manipulation, 793 

 reagents, &c. 793 

 desiccation, 793 

 incineration, 794 

 filtration, 795 

 decantation, 795 

 A. Analysis of animal fluids, 795 

 1, for the organic constituents, 795 

 qualitative analysis, 795 



fibrin, 795 

 VOL. Ill, 



Organic Analysis (continued). 

 albumen, 795 



fatty matters and cholesterin, 796 

 sugar, 796 

 urea, 7!)6 



uric acid and the urates, 796 

 quantitative analysis, 796 

 process, 796 



special consideration of the different ani- 

 mal principles, 797 

 fibrin, 797 



fatty nruters, serolin and butyrin,798 

 albumen, 798 

 casein, 798 

 urea, 799 

 sugar, 799 

 uric acid, 800 



urobenzoic or hippuric acid, 800 

 lactic acid, 800 

 oxalic acid, 800 



2. for the inorganic constituents, 801 

 qualitative analysis, 801 

 quantitative analysis, 802 

 carbonic, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acid, 



802 



sulphuric and phosphoric, 803 

 iodine, fluorine, and sulphur, 803 

 bases, 803 



potash, soda, ammonia, 804 

 iron, lime, magnesia, lead, ?01 

 copper, 805 



B. Analysis of animal solids, 805 

 cholesterin, 805 



uric acid and urates, 805 

 cystic oxyde, 805 

 albumen and fibrin, 805 

 gelatinous tissues, 806 

 hair?, 806 



earthy phosphates, 806 

 carbonate of lime, 806 

 oxalate of lime, 806 



C. Proximate analysis of individual secretions, 



807 

 of the urine, 807 



healthy urine, 807 

 diabetic urine, 808 

 albuminous, 809 

 of the blood, 809 

 the serum, 810 

 the clot, 810 

 of milk, 811 

 of bile, 811 

 of saliva, 812 

 II. Ultimate analysis, 813 



analysis of a solid not containing nitrogen, 814 

 of a liquid not containing nitrogen, 816 

 of a body containing nitrogen, 817 

 method of determining the equivalent number of an 



organic substance, 819 

 Osseous System, 8-20 



general remarks, 822 



enumeration of the parts of a perfect vertebrate endo- 



skeleton, 823 



(skeleton of the Crocodile), 823 

 spinal column, 823 



elements of a vertebra, 824 

 autogenous parts, 894 

 exogenous parts, 824 

 skull, 825 



occipital vertebra, 827 

 parietal vertebra, 827 

 frontal vertebra, 827 

 bones of the cranium, 828 

 frontals, 828 



anterior frontals, posterior frontals, 829 

 parietals, 829 

 external occipitals, lateral occipitals, inferior 



occipital or basilar, 829 

 sphenoid, alars, 829 

 squamo-temporal, petro-temporal, 829 

 ingrassial bones, 829 

 OEthmoid, vomer, nasal bones, 830 

 inferior turbinated, 830 

 maxillary, intermaxillary, 830 

 suborbital, prasnasal, supra-temporal, 831 

 palatine bones, transverse bones, internal 

 pterygoid, zygomatic, masto-temporal, 832 

 Etyloid, symplectic, 833 

 lower jaw, 833 



opercular, angular, articular, 833 

 hyo-branchial apparatus, 833 

 hyoid, 833 



branchiostegous rays, 834 

 branchial arches, 834 

 pharyngeal bones, 834 



condition of theos hyoides in Reptiles, 835 

 metamorphosis of the os hyoides, 635 

 thorax, 836 



vertebral ribs, 836 

 sternum, 837 

 sternal ribs, 838 

 limbs, 839 



anterior, 839 



3 x 



