810 



ORGANIC ANALYSIS. 



example, furnished from a patient suffering 

 from a chronic cerebral affection. 



() The entire blood employed amounted to 

 6735 grs. ; it had been drawn 24 hours, and 

 had formed a tolerably firm but flat coagulum, 

 which weighed 3560 grs. The serum that had 

 separated weighed 3175 grs,, and had a sp. gr. 

 of 1029.3. 



The proportions of clot and serum were 

 therefore as follows, in 1000 parts. 



6735 : 1000 : : 3560 : .r (=528.6)coagulum. 



6735 : 1000 : : 3175 : x (= 471.4) serum. 



The analysis divides itself into two portions, 

 that of the serum, and that of the clot. 



Analysis of the serum. 



(/>) 200 grs. of serum were dried at a tem- 

 perature of 212. The residue amounted to 

 18. 69 grs. 



200 : 1000 : : 18.69 : x (= 93.45) solids 



in seru/n. 

 Therefore 1000 93.45= 906.55, water 



in the serum. 



(r) The residue was incinerated over the cir- 

 cular wicked spirit lamp, and amounted to 

 1.46 grs. 



200 : 1000 :: 1.46 : x (= 7.3) saline 

 matters. 



(d) 500 grains of serum were dried in a pla- 

 tinum capsule, the dry mass carefully detached, 

 pulverized, and digested in boiling ether, which 

 was decanted and renewed three or four times. 

 The ethereal solutions evaporated left 0.35 grs. 

 of fatty matter; of this cold alcohol dissolved 

 0.12 oily fat, leaving 0.23 of crystalline fats. 



1000 parts of serum therefore contain 0.24 

 oily fat, and 0.46 crystalline fats. 



(e) The undissolved residue was heated to 

 expel adhering ether and treated with boiling- 

 water. It was thrown on a filter and washed 

 repeatedly, until nitrate of silver produced an 

 insignificant cloud when applied to a few 

 drops of the washings. The filter and its con- 

 tents were dried ; when weighed the albumen 

 amounted to 41.73 grs. 



10 grs. when incinerated yielded 0.19 grs. of 



ash ; 10 : 41.73 : : 0.19 : x (= 0.79287.) 



41.73 0.793 = 40.937 ; 40.937 X 2 = 



81.974 albumen. 



(_/) The filtered liquid evaporated weighed 

 4.66 grs. It was digested with alcohol, which 

 was renewed as long as any thing was dis- 

 solved. The alcoholic solution evaporated 

 amounted to 3.32 grs. (If urea, sugar, or bile 

 be present, they will be contained in this extract 

 and must be sought for in the usual manner.) 

 4.66 - - 3.32 = 1.34 grs. watery extract, 

 1.34 X 2 = 2.68. 1 gr. of watery 

 extract incinerated left 0.82 grs. of 

 salts, and 1. : 2.68 : 0.82 : x = 2.197, 

 and 2.68 2.197 = 0.483 watery 

 extract per 1000. 

 (g) 1.4 grs. of alcoholic extract, incinerated, 



left 1.00 grs. of saline matter. 

 Now 1.4 : 1 : : 6.64 : .r (= 4.74) saline 



matters, 



And 6.64 4.74 = 1.90 alcoholic extract 

 per 1000. 



The serum therefore consists of 



Water 906.550 



Fixed salts 7.300 



Albumen 81.974 



Alcoholic extract 1.900 



Watery extract 0.483 



Fats, oily 0.240 



crystalline 0.460 



998.907 



Analysis of the. clot. 



(//) 1000 grs. shred finely with a sharp knife 

 were tied in a piece of calico and washed till 

 colourless under a gentle stream of water. 

 The fibrin that remained carefully dried at 212 

 weighed 5.67 grs. 



Ether dissolved from this 0.07 grs. of oily fat. 

 The pure fibrin therefore amounted to 5.60 grs. 

 1000 : 528.6 : : 5.6 : x (= 1.962) fibrin. 

 1000 : 528.6 by (a) : : 0.07 : x (= 0.04) 



fat from fibrin . 



(i) 500 grs. of the coagulum completely dried 

 at 212 left a residue of 143.6 grs. 



500 : 528.6 : : 143.6 : x (= 151.81) solids 



in the clot. 



(&) 528.6 151 .8 = 376.8 water in the clot. 

 Supposing the water entirely due to the 

 serum with which the clot is penetrated, we 

 should find it contain 



Since by (6) 906.55 : 376.8,: : 93.45 : x 

 (= 38.86) solids of the serum retained 

 by the clot, and 

 376.8 + 38.86 = 415.66 weight of the 



serum retained. 

 But 415.66 + 471.4 by (a) = 887.06 total 



serum in 1000 parts of blood. 

 (/) 20 grs. of the dried matter of the coagu- 

 lum ignited left a red ash, weighing 0.52 grs. 

 20 : 151.81 : : 0.52 : x (= 3.947) salts in 



the clot. 

 But 1000: 471.4:: 7.3 by (c) :x(= 3.441) 



salts in the exuded serum. 

 3.947 + 3.441 = 7.388 salts in 1000 parts 



of blood. 



(m) Since the coagulum contains 2.962 fibrin, 

 And the serum retained . . 38.860 solids. 



The sum of the two 41,822 



And by deducting this sum from the total 

 solids contained in the clot we find 



151.81 41.822 = 109.988 red particles 



in 1000 of blood. 



(n) In order therefore to deduce the compo- 

 sition of 1000 parts of blood, we have only to 

 calculate the following proportions from our 

 knowledge of the composition of the serum. 

 1000 : 887.06 : : 906.55 : x (= 804.164) 



water. 

 1000 : 887.06 :: 81.974.: .r (= 72.716) 



albumen. 



1000 : 887.06 :: 1.900 : .r (= 1.685) alco- 

 holic extract. 

 1000 : 887.06 : : 0.483 : .r (= 0.428) 



watery extract. 



1000: 887.06 : : 0.24 : x (= 0.213) oily fat. 

 To this we must add 0-04 from the fibrin, 

 making the total oily fat = 0.253. 



