1494. 



VOICE. 



nearly thrice as deep behind as in front ; Crico- 

 thyroid space very large ; Ventricles of Mor- 

 gagni large and deep ; superior vocal cords 

 prominent. L. 1'75 in. 



Elephant. Larynx : H. 4'83 in. Thyroid : 

 wings united at an obtuse angle ; surface ex- 

 ternally convex ; cornua, superior short ; mar- 

 gins of inferior notched in front. Pomum a 

 distinct cartilage. Cricoid elliptical ; inferior 

 margin concave; body deep, posteriorly pass- 

 ing over the first three rings of the trachea. 

 Vocal ligaments : superior indistinct ; infe- 

 rior strong. L. 3'75. Trachea, 30 rings, 

 which are often partially subdivided. Voice 

 intense, of a grave pitch, aided by the pro- 

 boscis. 



RUMINANTIA. Camellia Bactrianus. H. 

 3 in. Thyroid : wings united at an obtuse 

 angle. Cricoid elliptical. Arytenoids trian- 

 gular. Ventricles oval. Epiglottis : apex 



Fig. 909. 



TJie Larynx of the Camel laid open. 



a, epiglottis ; b, superior vocal cords ; c, inferior ; 

 d, arytenoid cartilages ; e, vertical ridge ; h, tu- 

 bercle ; /, trachea. 



obtuse, posterior surface furnished with a tu- 

 bercle. Vocal ligaments : superior rather 

 broad bb (fg. 909); inferior strong cc. L. I'o 

 in. Voice grave, but seldom exercised. 



Llama. Larynx similar to the camel. Vo- 

 cal ligaments, superior and inferior, present. 



Giraffe. Vocal ligaments said to be ab- 

 sent. 



Bos. Larynx: wings of thyroid nearly 

 equilateral, united at an obtuse angle. Cricoid 

 massive, elliptical. Vocal cords : superior 

 absent ; inferior strong. L. 0'85 in. Trachea 

 52 rings. Voice sonorous, intense, pitched in 

 C = 256 vib. in 1". 



Ovis Amman. Larynx differs from Bos only 

 in dimensions. Voice guttural, pitched in F 

 = 341 vib. in 1". 



Antelope. A. Dorcas, and A. Corinna. La- 

 rynx perforated by an aperture at the base of 



the epiglottis leading to a sac. A. gutturosa, 

 pomum very large.* 



Cervus. C. Farandus or Rein Deer. La- 

 rynx has a laryngeal opening at the base of 

 the epiglottis -f-, leading to a large sac. 



C. Alcas. H. 2'5 in. Thyroid : wings 

 united at an obtuse angle ; cornua long ; po- 

 mum large, and concave within. Cricoid : 

 posterior deep, shielding the five first rings of 

 the trachea ; anterior narrow. Crico-thyroid 

 chink c (fg. 910) broad ; crico-thyroid liga- 

 ment strengthened by additional perpendicular 

 fibres d ; its superior ligament absent, inferior 

 inserted into the concavity of the pomum. 

 L. J'8 in. Voice grave. 



Fig. 910 



Larynx of Cervus Alcas. 

 a, thyroid c. ; b, cricoid ; d, crico-thyroid ligament. 



C. Capreolus. Larynx: H. 1'85 in. Thv- 

 roid : wings united at an obtuse angle. Cor- 

 nua : superior long, inferior shorter, curved ; 

 pomum large, concave within. Cricoid, ec- 

 centric ellipse. Body : posterior deep, ante- 

 rior narrow. Crico-thyroid chink large. L. 

 1'26 in. Voice grave. 



CETACEA. Ba/cenoptera rostrata. H. 10 in. 

 Thyroid : wings united at a very obtuse 

 angle J, the superior margins being nearly 

 straight ; inferior excavated by a triangular 

 notch near the centre. Cornua : superior ab- 

 sent ; inferior very large, straight, but curved 

 in the dolphin. Cricoid : deep behind, absent 

 in front, where it opens into a large sac 



* See Pallas, Spicil. Zoolog. fasc. xii. fig. 16. 



t See Camper, Naturges. des Orang-outang, &c. 



| Indeed the wings spread open almost into a 

 straight line. 



This sao has been described by Hunter and 

 Sandifoot. In the dolphin and porpoise the cricoid 

 is imperfect in front. 



