TERATOLOGY. 



961 



Fig. 616. 



Human Acephalus, born along with a well-formed child. 



the observations which we know of it are ot 

 twins, and in one case of three children born 

 at one birth. In many it is proved that the 

 mother of the acephalus has been often fecun- 

 dated. They are rarely full-grown at birth, 

 and they have in most instances a placenta 

 common to them and the well-formed child, 

 but with a separate cord ; the foetal membranes 

 also appear to be common to both. The cord 

 of the acephalus contains sometimes two, 

 sometimes three or four vessels (T. II. Kalck). 

 The integuments of the monster, truncated at 

 its upper part, are irregularly tumified, by a 



eminences covered by the skin. 



Fig. 617. 



, the right foot with five; b, the left, with lar e quantity of thick, pale, or yellowish 

 'three toes; A, the female genitals; i, the anus; subcutaneous cellular tissue. Interiorly there 

 e, tumor formed tty the umbilical cord ; d,e,f,g, are lumbar vertebras, with a pelvis, and the 



bones and muscles of inferior limbs, besides 

 the spinal marrow and its nerves ; the lumbar 

 and sacral parts of the sympathetic nerve ; 

 blood-vessels without a heart, of which the 

 arteries are connected with the umbilical ar- 

 teries, and the veins with the umbilical vein ; 

 a loop of intestines ; uropoietic, and genital 

 parts. All the other parts are wanting. 



Fifth Type. Acephali in which the trunk 

 is much more developed, with an imperfect tho- 

 rax, composed of some dorsal vertebra; and ribs. 

 The superior limbs are wanting. The only 

 difference between this and the preceding 

 type is in the more complete trunk, there 

 being a thorax superadded to the abdomen. 

 In all the other points the structure re- 

 sembles that of the fourth type j they are 



Fig. 618. 



Tlie same Acephalus with dissection of the skeleton. 



a, a, the only obvious inferior dorsal vertebra, 

 with a pair of ribs ; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, lumbar vertebra? ; 

 b, sacrum ; c, c, d, iliac bones ; e, femur ; /, bones 

 of the foot. 



Third Tvpe. Acephali in which the trunk 

 is more developed, without a head and thoracic 

 or superior extremities, but composed tf an in- 

 complete trunk, with an imperfect inferior exlre- 

 m lty. In the lowest grade of this monstrosity 

 may be ranked an acephalus observed by 

 Kuysch, consisting only of a leg. Somewhat 

 more perfect is the acephalous inferior ex- 

 tremity of a goat, mentioned by Hayn. It 

 consisted of a pelvic bone, with the other bones 

 of the interior extremity, some muscles, the 

 vessels and nerves of the femur, which were 

 probably connected with the umbilical cord 

 of the perfect goat born at the same time as 

 the acephalus. 



Fourth Type. Acephali in which the 

 trunk is more developed, without a thorax and 

 without superior limbs, and composed of an ab- 

 domen, genital organs, and (wo inferior liinhx. 



Human Acephalus bornulnni/ with a well-formed child. 



The hypogastrium and the two inferior 0> Clltailoous fissure iu J he lower part of the 



limbs are, then, more or less completely 

 formed parts. With exception of one, all 



VOL. IV. 



thorax; b, umbilical hernia, under which are the 

 male external genital parts. 



3 Q 



