904 



TEETH. 



the letter .m. ; these also being differentiated 

 by added numerals. Thus, the number of 

 these teeth, on eacli side of both jaws, in any 



given species. Man e.g., may be expressed 



2 2 



by the following brief formula : i. g ? 



I | 2 2 3 3 



c- j^j, p. g^~> m. 3^3=32; and the homo- 



logies of the individual teeth, in relation to 

 the typical formula, may be signified by i. 1., 

 i. 2. ; c. ; p. 3., p. 4. ; m. 1., m. 2., m. 3. : the 

 suppressed teeth being i. 3.*, p. 1., and p. 2. 



Examples of the typical dentition are ex- 

 ceptions in the actual creation ; but it was the 

 rule in the forms of Mammalia first introduced 

 into this planet ; and that, too, whether the 

 teeth were modified for animal or vegetable 

 food. Fig. 576., e. g., shows the dental series 



The true molars in the one are tuberculate, 

 indicating its tendency to vegetable diet; in 

 the other, they are carnassial, and betoken 

 a peculiarly destructive and bloodthirsty spe- 

 cies. 



In the Quarterly Geological Journal, No. 

 13, 1848, p. 36. 'pi. iv., I have described 

 and figured the entire dental series of one 

 side of the lower jaw of an extinct hoofed 

 quadruped, the D'n-hodon cuspidatus, from 

 eocene or oldest tertiary strata, also mani- 

 festing the normal number and kinds of teeth, 

 but vvith such equality of height of crown, 

 that no interspace is needed to lodge any of 

 the teeth when the jaws are closed, and the 

 series is as entire and uninterrupted as in the 

 human subject. A great proportion of the 

 upper jaw and teeth has been discovered, and 



Dentition of the Amphicyon major. Upper jaw. 



of the upper jaw of the Amphici/on major, a the marks of abrasion on the lower teeth 



mixed-feeding ferine animal, allied to the prove the series above to have been as entire 



Bear. Fig. 577. shows the dental series of and continuous as that below. The Anoplo- 



the under jaw of a more strictly carnivorous thorium (" Odontography," pi. 135. fig. 1 .), 



Fig. 577. 



Dentition of the Hytenodon. Lower jaw. 



beast, the Hyeenodon; the fossil remains of a 

 species of which have been discovered in the 

 oldest tertiary deposits of Hampshire. The 

 symbols denote the homologies of the teeth. 



* I have been guided by the analogy of the hare 

 (Odontography, p. 410, pi. 104, Jig. 5.) in this de- 

 termination ; but a contradictor might indulge his 

 instinct -without liability to disproof from actual 

 knowledge. 



from the gypsum quarries of Montmartre, 

 geologically as ancient as the eocene clays of 

 this island, long ago presented to Cuvier the 

 same peculiar continuous dental series as is 

 shown in the Dichodon. In his original Me- 

 moir, Cuvier described the canines as a fourth 

 pair of incisors, on account of their small 

 size and their trenchant shape ; but he after- 

 wards recognised their true homology with 



