1298 



VARIETIES OF MANKIND. 



styloid process, arising from the non-anchy- 

 losis of the stylo-hyal bone. 



Fig. 800. 



Fig. 801. 



Fie. 802. 



Front, side, and basal views of the skull of the Trog- 

 lodytes gorilla. (After Owen.} 



" 10. The larger post-glenoid process, and 

 the longer auditory process (tympanic bone), 

 with their relative position, one behind, but 

 not below, the other. 



"11. The position of the stronger zygo- 

 mata opposite the middle third of the basis 

 cranii. 



' 12. The prominent supra-orbital ridge. 



" 13. The longer nasal bones, anchylosed 

 together, and flattened at their lower half. 



" 14. The greater proportional size, and 

 greater prominence of the upper and lower 

 jaws. 



" 15. The longer osseous palate, and the 

 median emargination of its posterior border. 



" 1C. The parallelism of the alveoli of the 

 molars and canine of one side, with those of 

 the other. 



"17. The diastema, or vacant place, in 

 front of the socket of the canine in the upper 

 jaw, and behind that socket in the lower 

 jaw. 



" 18. The larger and more produced pre- 

 maxillaries, the persistence of more or less 

 of their sutures, showing the intervention of 

 their upper extremities between the nasal and 

 maxillary bones. 



" 19. The minor extent of connection of 

 the lachrymal with the ' pars plana ' of the 

 EEthmoid, or their separation by the junction 

 of the orbital plate of the maxillary with that 

 of the frontal behind the lachrymal. 



" 20. The depth of the olfactory fossa, and 

 the absence or rudimental state of the crista 

 galli. 



"21. The squamosal, lambdoidal, alisphe- 

 noidal and pterygoid air-cells. 



" 22. The more prominent cusps of the 

 molar teeth. 



" 23. The larger relative size, and more 

 complex grinding surface of the last molar 

 tooth in both jaws. 



" 24. The larger relative size of the pre- 

 molars, especially of the first. 



" 25. The more complex implantation of 

 the premolars by three roots, two external 

 and one internal. 



" 26. The much larger and longer canines. 



" 27. The sexual distinction in the develop- 

 ment of these teeth. 



" 28. The more sloping position of the 

 crowns of the incisors. 



" 29. The broader and higher ascending 

 ramus of the lower jaw. 



" 30. The total absence of the prominence 

 of the syrnphysis forming the chin. 



" In the form of the premaxillaries, and the 

 earlier obliteration of their sutures," Prof. 

 Owen continues, " the smaller chimpanzee 

 more nearly resembles man than the great 

 gorilla does ; it seems also to deviate less 

 through the minor development of the canine 

 teeth, and of the parietal and sagittal crests ; 

 but it has been shown, in the comparison of 

 the skulls of Troglodytes gorilla and T. n>ger, 

 that the latter departs in more numerous and 

 important particulars further from the human 

 type." 



Now, of the foregoing characters, some of 

 those which constitute the most striking fea- 

 tures in the cranium of the Chimpanzee, are 

 those which must be admitted from analogy 

 to be liable to variation under the influence 



