REMARKS ON THE CHARTS. 



BY 



M. W. CAMPBELL HEPWORTH, C.B., R.D., COMMANDER R.N.R. 



THE COLLECTION OF THE DATA. 



IN connexion with the scheme of International Antarctic Exploration, inaugurated at the beginning of 

 this century, which attained its fulfilment during the years 1901-04, arrangements were made by the 

 British Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte conjointly, prior to the departure for the Far 

 South of the British and German Expeditions, with a view to obtaining synchronous observations at 

 Noon G.M.T. of barometric pressure, air temperature, and wind frequency, during the period October, 

 1901, to March, 1903, for Latitudes South of the 30th parallel of South Latitude. 



For this country special registers, in a form agreed upon by the British and German Antarctic 

 Committees, were issued to the Ships of H.M. Navy through the Office of the Hydrographer (the late 

 Rear-Admiral Sir W. J. L. WHARTOX, K.C.B.). A circular letter, issued by the Meteorological Council to 

 marine observers in correspondence with the Office and others engaged on Southern voyages, soliciting 

 their co-operation in this work, met with a ready response, and a large number of registers were 

 distributed among the Commanders of Ships visiting the Southern Ocean, and numerous contributions 

 resulted. Subsequently the period originally specified was extended to 31st March, 1904, in consequence 

 of the detention of the "Discovery" in McMurdo Sound, South Victoria Laud. 



The Observatories of the Colonies in the Southern Hemisphere contributed valuable records and 

 observations in response to an invitation by the Royal Society. 



By an arrangement between the Meteorological Office and the Deutsche Seewarte. an exchange of 

 observations, recorded on board ships from which contributions on the special Registers were received by 

 the respective Bureaux, was effected. In addition to the data thus collected by the Ollice a large number 

 of observations at noon G.M.T. were obtained from the "Discovery," "Morning," "Terra Nova," and 

 " Scotia," relating to the passages of these vessels to and from the Antarctic and while cruising in Antarctic 

 Seas ; also from many stations in Cape Colony, Australasia, South America, Tierra del Fuego, and Kerguelen 

 Island. 



As regards information from stations in, and in the neighbourhood of, Antarctica, in addition to the 

 meteorological records kept at Winter Quarters of the " Discovery " in McMurdo Sound, observations 

 were obtained relating to the " Gauss " station of the German Expedition, near Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, 

 Laurie Island South Orkneys, and Snow Hill Island Palmer Land, through the courtesy of the leaders of 

 the German, Scottish, and Swedish Antarctic Expeditions, Professor vox DRYOALSKI, Dr. W. S. BRUCE, 

 and Dr. OTTO NoRDF.NSK.nn.n, respectively. 



Upon the information thus obtained arc based the Daily Synchronous Charts of Sea-Level Pressure for 

 Noon G.M.T., with winds and air temperature, as well as the Charts of mean monthly pressure and air 

 temperature, and the Tables of average wind and gale frequency. 



The list of contributors is as follows : 



SHIPS of the Royal Navy (H.M.S.), Exploring Vessels (E.S.), Steamships (S.S.), and Sailing Vessels (S.) of 

 the Mercantile Marine, from which Observations were Received. 



Adolf S. 



Abcrdeeu S.S. 



Adolphc S. 



Afrio . . S.S. 



Alauda S. 



Alcinous S. 



Alexandra S. 



Alliance . . S. 



Almvick Castle .... S.S. 



Alsterdamm S. 



Altair S. 



Aiuphion II.M.S, 



