13 



The Antarctic station, where pressure had continued to give way, was now under the full influence of 

 the disturbance, and a fresh Easterly gale was blowing there, but the wind moderated next day. I hiring 

 this gale temperature appears to have changed very little. 



6th toStli l-'iln-ii-n-ii, I'.iOS. 



A diminution of pressure recorded at Kerguelen Island and on board ships in the neighbourhood of the 

 island between the 6th and 8th February, 1903, which was accompanied by an increase of wind, was 

 followed on the 9th by a diminution of pressure and a strong gale from East, in 65 53' S., 89 21' E., the 

 position in which the " Gauss " was situated. 



Other instances furnished by synchronous G.M.T. observations could be cited to show how the gales 

 experienced at Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, during the sojourn there of the German Exploring Expedition, 

 frequently owed their origin to systems of low pressure travelling eastward, which had previously affected 

 the weather conditions of Kerguelen and ships in the neighbourhood of the island, giving rise to strong 

 winds and gales in those localities. 



Studied in connexion with the more ample information in reference to the meteorology of the Antarctic 

 during the same period, which is given in Part I. of this work, considerable light is thrown by these 

 Charts upon problems relating to pressure distribution and wind circulation in, and in the neighbourhood 

 of, those localities in which the Winter Quarters of the British, German, Si.-uttish, and Swedish Expeditions 

 were situated. They afford additional examples which may be explained by the supposition that the 

 strong winds and gales from polar directions experienced by the "Discovery" Expedition in South 

 Victoria Land were accompanied by a decided rise of temperature, because they had their origin in lower 

 latitudes over the ocean. 



The train of low-pressure areas during their passage eastward in this part of the Southern Ocean 

 frequently follows a more southerly path after passing Cape Adair, the centres of the depressions striking 

 south-eastward and the areas of disturbance spreading over the Koss Sea. 



With a cyclonic depression dominating air circulation over, and in the vicinity of, the Koss Sea, winds 

 are Northerly to North-easterly in the eastern segment of the system, seaward ; Easterly to South-easterly 

 in the southern segment, over and immediately to the south of the ice barrier; and Southerly to South- 

 westerly in the western segment, following the trend of the mountain ranges. It is contended, therefore, 

 that the relative warmth of the winds having a southerly component in South Victoria Land may 

 reasonably be attributed to the place of origin in lower latitudes over the ocean, though the cold of 

 higher polar regions makes itself felt in the south-westerly segment of the cyclonic depression of that 

 region. 



The J'f'eddell Sea Region. 



McMurdo Sound is situated nearly 400 miles south of North Cape, and west of the easternmost spur of 

 the Admiralty Range. It is, in consequence, sheltered to some extent from northerly winds by this range, 

 and by the east coast ranges, including Prince Albert Mountains, which alford shelter from north-westerly 

 winds also. 



Snow Hill, sheltered for the most part from between North-north-east and West by the heights of 

 Joinville Island, which include Mount Percy, by those of Louis Philippe Land, and of Palmer Land, 

 from which rises Mount Haddington, is somewhat similarly situated as regards exposure to winds, so 

 that strong winds and gales from an equatorial quarter are rarely experienced there, while Southerly and 

 South-westerly winds prevail, and frequently attain to gale force. 



Because the depressions which exercise the most influence upon the weather conditions of the South 

 Orkneys are those which move to the south-eastward after passing the 60th meridian, the average air 

 circulation in, and in the neighbourhood of, the Weddell Sea, accruing from a procession of these cyclones, 

 approximates to that which would obtain were an area of low pressure situated over that sea, occasioning 

 Northerly and North-westerly winds over the eastern side of the sea, Easterly on the southern side ; 

 Southerly and South-westerly on the western, and Westerly on the northern side. 



